首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Effective Note-taking The difficulty of taking notes: Note-taking requires a high level of ability due to the【T1】______ of spoke
Effective Note-taking The difficulty of taking notes: Note-taking requires a high level of ability due to the【T1】______ of spoke
admin
2017-03-07
20
问题
Effective Note-taking
The difficulty of taking notes: Note-taking requires a high level of ability
due to the【T1】______ of spoken language.【T1】______
I. Before taking notes:
A. Be sure of the【T2】______of yours and the speaker’s.【T2】______
B. Review relevant background materials if【T3】______.【T3】______
II. While taking notes:
A. Understand the new words by【T4】______the meanings from the context.【T4】______
B. Study carefully the【T5】______, which usually implies【T5】______
the most important information.
C. Catch the speaker’s【T6】______through tone, gesture, repetition and【T6】______
illustration on the board.
D. Pay attention to the speaker’s indirect(7)to indicate what is important,【T7】______
like changes in speed, volume or【T8】______.【T8】______
E. While writing down the main points, develop a system of mechanics:
jotting down【T9】______: using shorthand, abbreviations and symbols:【T9】______
leaving out【T10】______ words.【T10】______
F. While selecting words to write down, pick those having the【T11】______【T11】______
information, like nouns, verbs or【T12】______, and those indicating【T12】______
the proceeding direction of the lecture, like【T13】______.【T13】______
III. After taking notes:
A Review and【T14】______ them as soon as possible.【T14】______
B.【T15】______ notes with others to learn from them.【T15】______
【T8】
Effective Note-taking
Good morning, everyone! Today I’d like to continue our series of talks about study skills in university. This morning I’m going to discuss how to take notes effectively.
As we all know, note-taking is difficult since spoken language is more diffuse than written language and its organization is not immediately apparent In addition, spoken language is quickly gone, which makes analysis difficult. So it can be seen that to achieve such a complex task as note-taking, a high level of ability in many separate skills is required. Now let’s discuss these skills in details.
Before taking notes, prepare yourself mentally. Be sure of your purpose and the speaker’s purpose. Review your notes and other background material if available because increased knowledge results in increased interest. Besides, a clear sense of purpose on your part will make the speaker’s content more relevant. Be ready to understand and remember. Anticipate what is to come, and later evaluate how well you were able to do this.
While taking notes, the student has to understand what the lecturer says as he says it. The student cannot stop the lecture in order to look up a new word or check an unfamiliar sentence pattern. This puts the non-native speaker of English under a particularly severe strain. Often he may not be able to recognize words in speech which he understands straightaway in print He’ll also meet words in a lecture which are completely new to him. While he should, of course, try to develop the ability to infer their meanings from the context, he won’t always be able to do this successfully. He must not allow failure of this kind to discourage him, however. It is often possible to understand much of a lecture by concentrating solely on those points which are most important. But how does the student decide what is important? It is, in fact, the second skill I want to talk about today.
Probably the most important piece of information in a lecture is the title itself. If this is printed beforehand, the student should study it carefully and make sure he is in no doubt about its meaning. Whatever happens he should make sure that he writes it down accurately and completely. A title often implies many of the major points that will later be covered in the lecture itself.
Be alert to the speaker’s emphasis through tone, gesture, repetition and illustration on the board A good lecturer, of course, often signals what is important or unimportant. He may give direct signals or indirect signals. Many lecturers, for example, explicitly tell their audience that a point is important and that the student should write it down. It is worth remembering that most lecturers also give indirect signals to indicate what is important. They either pause or speak slowly or speak loudly or use a greater range of intonation, or they employ a combination of these devices, when they say something important. Conversely, their sentences are delivered quickly, softly, within a narrow range of intonation and with short or infrequent pauses when they are saying something which is incidental. It is, of course, helpful for the student to be aware of this and for him to focus his attention accordingly.
Having sorted out the main points, however, the student still has to write them down. And he has to do this quickly and clearly. In order to write at speed, try to develop a suitable system of mechanics: jot down words or phrases, not entire sentences: develop some system of shorthand and be consistent in its use: leave out small service words: use contractions, abbreviations and symbols.
Most students find it helpful to abbreviate. They also try to select only those words which give maximum information. These are usually nouns, but sometimes verbs or adjectives. Writing only one point on each line also helps the student to understand his notes when he comes to read them later. An important difficulty is, of course, finding time to write the notes. If a student chooses the wrong moment to write, he may miss a point of greater importance. Connecting words or connectives may guide him to a correct choice here. Those connectives which indicate that the argument is proceeding in the same direction also tell the listener that it is a safe time to write. "Moreover", "furthermore", "also", etc., are examples of this. Connectives such as "however", "on the other hand" or "nevertheless" usually mean that new and perhaps unexpected information is going to follow. Therefore, it may, on these occasions, be more appropriate to listen.
After taking notes, review and reword them as soon as possible. Don’t just recopy or type without thought. Reminiscing may provide forgotten material later. Rewrite incomplete parts in greater detail. Fill in gaps as you remember points heard but not recorded. Arrange with another student to compare notes. Sharpen your note-taking technique by looking at other students’ notes. How are they better than your own? How are your notes superior? Compare the information in your notes with your own experience. Don’t swallow everything uncritically. Don’t reject what seems strange or incorrect. Check it out. Be willing to hold some seeming inconsistencies in your mind over a period of time. Make meaningful associations. Memorize that which must be memorized.
OK. In today’s lecture, we’ve discussed several skills that can help one in taking notes effectively. In our next lecture, we’ll explore how to read effectively.
选项
答案
intonation
解析
在谈到indirect signals(间接信号)时提到,演讲人要么放慢语速,要么提高音量,要么使用抑扬顿挫的语调。题目中的speed对应原文的slowly,volume对应loudly,因而填入intonation。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/477O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
HowtoApproachDiscursiveWriting?Howtoimprovetheeffectivenessofstudents’writing?Therearesixstageswhichshould
Howmanypeoplehavediedofthedisease?
Thereasonwhypeopleputonweightatworkisthat______.
SuggestopediaI.IntroductionA.BasedonhowthebrainworksandhowwelearnmosteffectivelyB.Derivedfromsuggestionand
Thereareseveralpossiblerelationshipsbetweenlanguageandsociety.Oneiswhatsocialstructuremayeitherinfluenceordete
JudgingbythewildlycheeringaudienceattheorgyofconsumerismthatwasOprahWinfrey’s"UltimateFavouriteThings"show,A
Allsocialanimalscommunicatewitheachother,frombeesandantstowhalesandapes,butonlyhumanshavedevelopedthelangua
Thereareseveralpossiblerelationshipsbetweenlanguageandsociety.Oneiswhatsocialstructuremayeitherinfluenceordete
EvaluatingSpeakingSpeakingisacomplexactwithmanydifferentelementsinteractingtoproduceeffectivecommunication,
T.S.Eliotwasaleaderofthe______movementinEnglishpoetryandagreatinnovatorofversetechnique.
随机试题
甲公司吸收合并乙公司,合并完成后,乙公司解散,甲公司存续。根据我国《公司法》的规定,合并各方必须进行的程序有()
手术区皮肤消毒范围要包括手术切口周围的区域()
治胁痛易怒、抽搐惊恐,当选用归何经的药物()
【背景材料】某工业厂房项目的业主经过多方了解,邀请了A、B、C3家技术实力和资信俱佳的承包商参加该项目的投标。在招标文件中规定:评标时采用最低综合报价中标的原则,但最低投标价低于次低投标价10%的报价将不予考虑。工期不得长于18个月,若投标
目前,上海、深圳证券交易所上市证券的分红派息,主要是通过中国结算公司的交易清算系统进行的,投资者领取红利、股息无需办理其他申领手续,红利、股息由交易清算系统自动派到投资者账上。()
根据公司法律制度的规定,有限责任公司董事、高级管理人员执行公司职务时因违法给公司造成损失的,在一定情形下,股东可以为了公司利益,以自己的名义直接向人民法院提起诉讼。下列各项中,属于该情形的有()。(2015年)
某旅游公司为增值税一般纳税人,2019年7月发生以下业务:(1)取得旅游费收入共计680万元,其中向境外旅游公司支付境外旅游费63.6万元,向境内其他单位支付旅游交通费60万元,住宿费24万元,门票费21万元,签证费1.8万元。支付本单位导游餐饮住宿费共
四川风味小吃是()。
婴儿辅助食品4个月可增添米糊、面糊。()
A、Hedoesnothavehislibrarycardwithhim.B、Hedoesnotwanttoreturnthebookrightnow.C、Hedoesnotlikethesystemof
最新回复
(
0
)