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By failing to scan security codes in the magnetic strips on ATM and debit cards, many banks are letting thieves get away with an increasingly common fraud at a cost of several billion dollars a year. A report Tuesday from Gartner, a technology analyst firm, estimates that 3 million U.S. consumers were victims of ATM and debit-card fraud in the past year. The fraud most commonly begins when a criminal engages in "phishing"--sending a legitimate-seeming e-mail with a link to a phony Web site that appears to belong to a consumer’s bank, Gartner analyst Avivah Litan says. The e-mail recipients are asked to give their account information, including PIN numbers. With that information" harvested," fraudsters can make their own cards for automated teller machines and withdraw huge sums.