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  3. The plight of the aged has come to be regarded as a major social problem in the United States. In a sense, the elderly (conventi

The plight of the aged has come to be regarded as a major social problem in the United States. In a sense, the elderly (conventi

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问题     The plight of the aged has come to be regarded as a major social problem in the United States. In a sense, the elderly (conventionally, those aged sixty-five and over) are a "newly-discovered" minority group. Like other minority groups, the old are subjected to job discrimination; they suffer nigh rates of poverty; they face prejudice founded on inaccurate stereotypes; they are excluded from the mainstream of American life on the basis of supposed group characteristics; and they are offered few meaningful roles in their society. In addition, the aged may face such problems as nigh rates of victimization by criminals, a heavy, burden of chronic illness and medical expenses, and psychological problems that result from their loss of independence and their sense of being unwanted.
    In America, childhood is romanticized, youth is idolized, middle age does the work, wields the power and pays the bills, and old age gets little or nothing for what it has already done. For many elderly Americans old age is a tragedy, a period of quiet despair, deprivation, desolation and muted rage. The tragedy of old age is not that each of us must grow old and die but that the process of doing so has been made unnecessarily painful, humiliating and isolating through insensitivity, ignorance, and poverty.
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答案 像其他少数群体一样，老年人会受到工作上的歧视①；他们的贫困率高：他们要面对建立在错误的陈腐观念上的歧视②；因为被认为具有某种假想的群体特性③，他们被排除在美国生活的主流之外：他们在社会中很少扮演有意义的角色④。而且，老年人还会面临一些问题，诸如成为罪犯侵犯目标的几率较高，身患慢性疾病，负担沉重的医药开支，以及由于失去了独立性和感到没人需要自己而产生的心理问题⑤。 在美国，童年是浪漫化的，青年被偶像化，中年人身负重任，掌握权力，挣钱付账单，而老年人却不会因他们已做过的事情得到回报或回报很少⑥。对很多美国老人来说，老年是个悲剧，一个默默绝望、贫困、凄凉和无声愤恨的时期。
解析     ①be subjected to属被动语态，可以使用对应的汉语无标记被动式“遭受到”来翻译。
    ②prejudice的后置修饰语“founded on inaccurate stereotypes”在翻译时宜提前作为前置定语，全句可以译为“建立在错误的陈腐观念上的歧视”。   
    ③on the basis of supposed group characteristics与主句在逻辑上存在因果关系，可以将其提前作原因状语从句，译为“因为……”。
    ④are offered可以采用转换视角的方法来译，将被动的视角转换为主动的视角“扮演……的角色”，其中m their society为地点状语，宜根据汉语用语习惯前置。
    ⑤英语倾向于使用名词，而汉语倾向于使用动词，因此原文罗列的几个名词可以转译成动宾结构，使其更符合汉语表达习惯，如high rates of victimization by criminals译为“成为罪犯侵犯目标的几率较高”。
    ⑥get…for…中for引导的词组在译文中宜提前，译为“因为……获得……”，并根据句意增补词语“回报”，“不会(因为……)得到回报或回报很少”。
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