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  3. Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggest

Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggest

admin2023-01-24  52
问题     Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages【C1】________our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have【C2】________long-term consequences.
    There has been a lot of research【C3】________how we deal with the future.【C4】________the famous marshmallow studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist【C5】________is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that【C6】________they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future【C7】________became more successful young adults.
    Chen’s recent findings suggest that an unlikely【C8】________, language, strongly influences our future-oriented【C9】________ Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future【C10】________other languages can only weakly tell them apart. Chen’s recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better【C11】________for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to【C12】________their health. The way these people conceive the future is similar【C13】________the way they conceive the present. As a result, the future does not feel very【C14】________and it is easier for them to act【C15】________ their future interests.
    Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. The analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement【C16】________smoke less, exercise more, and【C17】________be healthier in older age. Language also has an impact on countries’ national savings rates.
    Chen’s research shows that language【C18】________our future-related thoughts. And the research also points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can【C19】________the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have significant【C20】________on our judgments and decisions.
【C2】
选项 A、indispensable
B、dramatic
C、fatal
D、direct
答案B
解析 上文提到语言能够决定未来我们的健康和富有程度，可见它所产生的长期影响(long-term consequences)是巨大的。B项dramatic“引人注目的”，符合语义。A项indispensable代入后指不可缺少的长期影响，在上下文中找不到依据。C项fatal “致命的，重大的”，常用于修饰带贬义的词语。D项direct “直接的”，上下文没有语义线索证明这种后果是直接还是间接。
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