首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Modern Examinations In the schools of ancient times, the most important examinations were spoken. Usually the students were
Modern Examinations In the schools of ancient times, the most important examinations were spoken. Usually the students were
admin
2010-04-28
47
问题
Modern Examinations
In the schools of ancient times, the most important examinations were
spoken. Usually the students were supposed to say poetry aloud or give
【1】______ or discuss questions. Although the concrete forms of exami- 【1】______
nations were various, they were alike in their essence, that is, they were
spoken, which partly remains till today.
However, modern examinations take a different form ---a written
form, which was developed in the 19th century due to the increase in【2】【2】______
______ and the development of modern industry. But in the process of
examination, teachers and students are supposed to act like【3】______ 【3】______
but not human.
Commonly there are two types of tests used in modern schools, they
are called "objective" test and "subjective" test respectively. With the
former one concentrated on the【4】______ of facts while the latter one 【4】______
on personal【5】______, the two are different in many ways. Of course 【5】______
they both have advantages and disadvantages. So far as the "objective" test
is concerned, it is fair, above all, and then it is very efficient because its
form of answer is simple and objective, and it is easy to be【6】______ 【6】______
But as this way of testing sometimes depends too much on "【7】______ ’, 【7】______
it is ultimately not very satisfactory. As for the "subjective" test, it u-
sually refers to "【8】______ tests, which, comparatively speaking, 【8】______
contains less element of luck and thus can better reflect the students’ abili-
ty of putting facts together into a meaningful whole. However, because this
form of testing requires students to write long answers, the students’ ability
of【9】______ becomes a disturbing factor. Besides, the examiners ’ 【9】______
feelings are different, that is to say, they are subjective when scoring
students’ answers. Therefore, the "subjective" test is not so fair as the
"objective" one.
From the above, we know that whatever kinds of tests we take, it
would be【10】______, and problems would arise. However, if we 【10】______
combine these two types together, we would get a clearer picture of
students’ ability through testing.
【8】
Modem Examinations
In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.
Generally, however, modem examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until tile nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modem industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines. There is nothing very human about the examination process.
Two typos of tests are commonly used in modern schools. The first type is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly. Sometimes the question is expressed in the form of an incomplete statement, and the answers are phrases which could complete the statement.
For example:
Mahatma Gandhi was (A) an ancient palace in Asia
(B) a famous Roman general
(C) a religious leader in India
(D) a great Christian teacher
On objective tests the student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and copy its letter (or number) on his examination paper. Sometimes there is an answer sheet on which the four letters or numbers are printed. Then the student has only to circle the one that goes with the correct answer. For testing a student’s memory of facts and details, the objective test has advantages. It can be scored very quickly by the teacher or even by a machine. In a short time the teacher can find out a great deal about the student’s range of knowledge. For testing some kinds of learning, however, such a test is not very satisfactory. A lucky student may guess the correct answer without really knowing the material. Moreover, some of the wrong answers are usually more incorrect than others, yet the scores on the test will not take account of this fact. Looking at the example given above, we can see that C is the expected answer. But a student who chooses A or B shows that he knows nothing at all about Gandhi, while the student who chooses D seems at least to know that he was a person with a strong influence upon the ideas of others, The student who chooses D should therefore receive a higher grade than one who chooses A or B, but this is not how objective tests work. For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use "essay" tests, which require students to write long answers to broad general questions, such as the following:
Mention several ways in which Mahatma Gandhi has influenced the thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world.
One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more about the student’s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how deeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests have disadvantages, too. Some students are able to write rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in essay form. Besides, on an essay test the student’s score may depend upon the examiner’s feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examiner reading the stone answer might give it a much higher mark. From this standpoint the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.
Most teachers and students would probably agree that examinations are unsatisfactory. Students dislike taking them; teachers dislike giving them and scoring students’ answers. Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions ate used along with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the student’s knowledge can usually be obtained.
选项
答案
essay
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4cqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Education【C1】______inthemodernizationofourcountry.Thereare,however,still【C2】______childreninremoteruralareaswho
A、Anotherspeakerwilldescribethehelmet.B、Thespeakerwilltalkaboutthespace.C、Someonefromtheaudiencewilltryonthe
A、Acarpenterbuiltthesceneryforthestudents.B、Thedramastudentsdesignedandmadethescenery.C、Aspecialdesignerhadt
A、Jeffisoneofthebeststudentsbecauseheisintelligent.B、Jeffhasthebestlearningexperienceofallthestudents.C、Jef
OneofthefattestcanardseverrearedinBrusselsisthenotionthatitsprocessofunificationhassavedEuropefromanotherw
A、Itisachaosbecausealltheperformersarechatting,sittingandeatingthesamefoodtogether.B、Itisnotwellorganizedb
Wecanengageourselveswithmusicasacomposer,performer,orlistener.Asalistener,werespondto【C1】______ofreceptivity.
Wecanengageourselveswithmusicasacomposer,performer,orlistener.Asalistener,werespondto【C1】______ofreceptivity.
A、Promising.B、Tough.C、Unpredictable.D、Bright.B
随机试题
能使心肌收缩能力增强的因素有
A.放射性核素肝胆动态显像B.肝血流灌注及肝血池显像C.99mTc-RBC消化道出血显像D.异位胃黏膜显像E.99mTc胶体作消化道出血显像诊断Barrett食管应该采用哪种核医学检查
法院在公诉案件庭前审查阶段遇到哪种情形可以退回检察院?
根据我国《安全生产法》的规定,有关地方人民政府和负有安全生产监督管理职责部门的负责人在接到重大生产安全事故报告后,应当立即()。
建筑材料采购合同中,交货日期的确定可以采用的方式有()。
在国际交换中,任何一种商品都具有国内价值和国际价值双重性。()
知识的巩固主要是通过哪些记忆环节来实现的?()
A市某娱乐公司即将邀请众多歌手举办一场演唱会,为保证演唱会的安全举行,市公安局领导安排你负责此项工作,要求组织一些人员认真筹备,务必做好落实。A市歌舞剧院音乐厅为此次活动的场所,作为场所管理者,歌舞剧院相关领导对安全责任认识不清,请你帮忙区分,下列选项
①18世纪,茶逐渐成为全民饮品,伦敦工人大约花费家庭总收入的5%来购买茶叶②到1800年,公司每年在茶上投资400万英镑③中英早期贸易基本上是奢侈品与中草药④东印度公司不再进口那些只有富人才消费得起的中国商品,转而销售这种人人都负担得起的商品⑤与中
WhenYouMayUsetheServiceIfyoucreateanaccounttousetheservice,youmaystartusingtheserviceassoonasyouhavefi
最新回复
(
0
)