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  3. It is a well-known fact that there are constant conflicts among different groups of people, and that people tend to blame their

It is a well-known fact that there are constant conflicts among different groups of people, and that people tend to blame their

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问题     It is a well-known fact that there are constant conflicts among different groups of people, and that people tend to blame their misfortunes on some outside other groups for their misfortunes. What are the causes of group prejudice? There seems to be little doubt that one of the principal causes of prejudice is fear: in particular the fear that the interests of our own group are going to be endangered by the actions of another. This is less likely to be the case in a stable, relatively unchanging society in which the members of different social and occupational groups know what to expect of each other, and know what to expect for themselves. In times of rapid social and economic change, however, new occupations and new social roles appear, and people start looking jealously at each other to see whether their own group is being left behind.
    Once prejudice develops, it is hard to stop, because there are often social forces at work which actively encourage unfounded attitudes of hostility and fear towards other groups. One such force is education: we all know that children can be taught history in such a way as to perpetuate old hatreds and old prejudices between racial and political groups. Another social influence that has to be reckoned with is the pressure of public opinion. People often think and act differently in groups from the way that they would do as individuals; it takes a considerable effort of will, and often calls for great courage, to stand out against one’s fellows and insist they are wrong.
    Why is it that we hear so much more about the failures of relationships between communities than we do about the successes? I am afraid it is partly due to the increase in communications which radio, television and the popular press have brought about. In those countries where the media of mass communication are commercial enterprises, they tend to measure success by the size of their audience; and people are more likely to buy a newspaper, for instance, if their attention is caught by something dramatic, something sensational, or something that arouses their anxiety. The popular press flourishes on "scare headlines", and popular orators, especially if they are politicians addressing a relatively unsophisticated audience, know that the best way to arouse such an audience is to frighten them.
    Where there is a real or imaginary threat to economic security, this is especially likely to inflame group prejudice. It is important to remember economic factors if we wish to lessen group prejudice, because unless they are dealt with squarely it will be little use simply persuading people not to be prejudiced against other groups whom they see as their rivals, if not their enemies.
Which of the following is NOT the source for prejudice between groups?
选项 A、The tendency to blame misfortunes on some outside groups.
B、Fear of the interests of one’s own group being threatened.
C、Longstanding hatreds prevailing between racial and political groups.
D、Social forces which encourage unfounded attitudes of hostility towards other groups.
答案A
解析 细节题。文章第一段第三句话指出，人们似乎并不怀疑，产生偏见的一个主要原因是恐惧，尤其是担心自己群体的利益将受到另一群体的威胁，这说明B是根源。文章第二段第二句话指出，其中的一种力量就是教育，我们都知道，我们可以用这样的方式教孩子们历史，从而使种族和政治群体之间的旧仇恨、旧偏见永久化，这说明C也是根源。文章第二段第一句话指出，一旦存有偏见，就很难阻止其发展，因为社会因素经常起作用——这些因素会积极助长对其他群体没有理由的敌意和恐惧态度，这说明D也是根源。文章第一段第一句话指出，不同群体之间的人们不断发生冲突，人们往往把自己遭受不幸的责任归咎于其他群体，这是一个众所周知的事实，这说明A不是根源。  
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