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  3. The American economy is growing, according to the most recent statistics, at the high rate of 7% , and is in the middle of the l

The American economy is growing, according to the most recent statistics, at the high rate of 7% , and is in the middle of the l

admin2013-12-10  97
问题     The American economy is growing, according to the most recent statistics, at the high rate of 7% , and is in the middle of the largest peacetime expansion in American history. We read in the newspapers that practically everyone who wants a job can get one. Microsoft is running advertisements in the New York Times practically begging Congress to issue more visas for foreign computer and information technology workers.
    In this environment, it is shocking that one group of Americans, people with disabilities, have such a high level of unemployment: 30% are not employed—the same percentage as when the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. Not only did their employment and labor earnings fall during the recession of the early 1990s, but employment and earnings continued to fall during the long economic expansion that followed. Many of these people are skilled professionals who are highly marketable in today’s economy.     Part of the problem is discrimination, and part recent court rulings favoring employers in ADA lawsuits. Discrimination against people with disabilities is, unfortunately, alive and well, despite the legal prohibitions against discrimination in hiring people with disabilities. 79% of disabled people who are unemployed cite discrimination in the workplace and lack of transportation as major factors that prevent them from working; studies have also shown that people with disabilities who find jobs earn less than their co-workers, and are less likely to be promoted.
    Unfavorable court rulings have not been helpful, either. Research by law professor Ruth Colker of Ohio State University has shown that in the eight years after the ADA went into effect, employer-defendants prevailed in more than 93% of the cases decided by trial. Of the cases appealed, employers prevailed 84% of the time. Robert Burgdorf, Jr. , who helped draft the ADA, has written, " legal analysis has proceeded quite a way down the wrong road. " Disability activists and other legal scholars point out that Congress intended the ADA as a national mandate for the ending of discrimination against people with disabilities. Instead, what has occurred, in the words of one writer, is that the courts "have narrowed the scope of the law, redefined ’disability’ , raised the price of access to justice and generally deemed disability discrimination as not worthy of serious remedy. "
    But perhaps the greatest single problem is the federal government itself, where laws and regulations designed to help disabled people actually provide an economic disincentive to work. As Sen. Edward Kennedy wrote, "the high unemployment rate among people receiving federal disability benefits is not because their federal benefits programs have ’ front doors that are too big’ , but because they have ’ back doors that are too small’. "
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause to the problems of the disabled?
选项 A、Not enough help from relatives in their transportation.
B、Prevailing discrimination in workplace against the disabled.
C、The ineffective system of the federal government.
D、The courts’ general favor in employers over the disabled.
答案A
解析 根据题干信号词a cause to the problems of the disabled可回文定位到第三段首句Part of the problem is discrimination，and part recent court rulings favoring employers in ADA lawsuits(问题的部分原因是歧视，还有部分原因是在ADA诉讼案件中偏向雇主们的裁决)，由此可知B项与D项是文中提及的残疾人问题的起因，不符合题目要求，可排除。其他两个选项考生可结合以往判断题的思路，将它们一一代入原文做比对判断。[A]对应第三段第三句79％of disabled people who are unemployed cite discrimination in the workplace and lack of transportation as major factors that prevent them from working(79％的失业残疾人认为工作场所的歧视与缺乏交通工具是阻碍他们工作的主要原因)，选项中的not enough与原文lack相对应，但是选项中的help from relative在原文并未提及，属无中生有，因此符合题目要求，是正确项。[C]对应第五段首句But perhaps the greatest single problem is the federal government itself，where laws and regulations designed to help disabled people actually provide an economic disincentive to work(或许最大的一个问题是联邦政府自身，它所制定的旨在帮助残疾人的法律法规实际上成了阻碍他们工作的一个经济因素)，与原文语义一致，是造成残疾人问题的最大原因，不符合题目要求，故排除。
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