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  3. Many people are concerned about the economic condition of developing countries—countries whose average per capita GNP is a fract

Many people are concerned about the economic condition of developing countries—countries whose average per capita GNP is a fract

admin2009-04-26  130
问题     Many people are concerned about the economic condition of developing countries—countries whose average per capita GNP is a fraction of that in more industrialized countries. However, for the developing countries, there exist many obstacles to their economic development.
    One major obstacle to economic development is population growth. (46)The populations of most developing countries grow at a rate much faster than those of industrialized countries, and the population of some of them is so large that there is barely enough fertile land and other resources to support it. Many less developed countries depend extensively on agriculture, adding to the problem. In these countries, an incentive to have many children exists. (47)Most farms are worked by families, and children can work in the fields at an early age because most farmers believe that more children means more workers. In addition, having many children ensures the parents that someone will look after them in their old age.
    Another problem for developing countries is increasing average life expectancy—the average remaining lifetime for persons who reach a certain age. Better education, international aid, and emphasis on health-care facilities help people live longer. A high life expectancy coupled with a high crude birthrate makes it difficult to increase per capita GNP.
    Another obstacle to economic growth is limited natural resources. No country can develop beyond its resource potential. Unproductive land or a harsh climate can limit economic growth. (48)Some countries may be fortunate enough to discover a valuable mineral to finance their economic development, but most focus on agriculture and, as a result, their economic growth is hindered by the shortage of natural resources or energy sources needed for industry.
    Still another obstacle to economic development is a lack of appropriate education and technology. Any developing countries do not have a highly literate population or the high level of technical skills needed to build an industrial society. In addition, most do not have money to train engineers and scientists. (49)Many developing countries cannot even afford to provide free public education for school-age children, and in those that can, not every child is able to take advantage of it because most of them have to work to help feed their families. As a result, much of the population may not have the basic skills needed to continue with higher education when it is offered.
    Government also can be an obstacle to economic development. A country whose government often changes will have a hard time developing economically. Such constant changes impede long-term planning. (50)Economic development is made even more difficult if the political changes occur through violent revolution where industrial facilities may be destroyed.

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答案有些国家也许会有幸发现某种珍贵的矿产以支持其经济发展，但是大多数国家还是以农业生产为主，所以，工业发展所需的自然资源或能源的匮乏阻碍了它们的经济发展。
解析 此题目的句子较长，包含一个被动句。另外，这个被动句中还有一个过去分词成分。难点是被动句的翻译。由于by后的表示动作发出者的介词短语the shortage of natural resources or energy sources needed for industry太长，所以不宜将这句话翻译为被动句结构。即不宜翻译为"它们的经济发展受到(被)工业发展所需的自然资源或能源的匮乏所阻碍"。因此，还是翻译为主动句，以"工业发展所需的自然资源或能源的匮乏"做主语比较自然。另外，形容词most不能误解为形容词many的最高级，而是普通形容词，意思是"大多数的"。而且，most后省略了中心词countries，因此，翻译时应该还原中心词，即翻译为"大多数国家"。考查点：被动句的翻译；省略结构的理解和翻译。
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