首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two
admin
2012-11-11
56
问题
One of the most eminent of psychologists, Clark Hull, claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in the putting together of two "behavior segments" in some novel way, never actually performed before so as to reach a goal. Two followers of Clark Hull, Howard and Tracey Kendler, (1) a test for children that was explicitly based on Clark Hull’s principles. The children were given the (2) of learning to operate a machine so as to get a toy. In order to succeed they had to go through a two-stage (3) . The children were trained on each stage (4) . The stages consisted merely of pressing the correct one of two buttons to get a marble; and of (5) the marble into a small hole to release the toy.
The Kendlers found that the children could learn the separate bits readily enough. (6) the task of getting a marble by pressing the button they could get the marble; given the task of getting a toy when a marble was handed to them, they could use the marble. (All they had to do was put it in a hole.) (7) they did not for the most part "integrate", to use the Kendlers’ terminology. They did not press the button to get the marble and then (8) without further help to use the marble to get the toy. So the Kendlers concluded that they were incapable of deductive (9) .
The mystery at first appears to deepen when we learn, from (10) psychologist, Michael Cole, and his colleagues, that adults in an African culture apparently cannot do the Kendlers’ task either. But it lessens, (11) , when we learn that a task was devised which was (12) to the Kendlers’ one but much easier for the African males to handle.
(13) the button-pressing machine, Cole used a locked box and two (14) colored match-boxes, one of which contained a key that would open the box. Notice that there are still two (15) segments—"open the right matchbox to get the key" and "use the key to open the box"—so the task seems formally to be (16) . But psychologically it is quite different. Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects; and it is clear to him what he is meant to do. It then (17) that the difficulty of integration is greatly reduced.
Recent work by Simon Hewson is of great interest here for it shows that, for young children, (18) , the difficulty lies not in the (19) processes which the task demands, but in certain perplexing features of the apparatus and the procedure. When these are changed in ways which do not at all affect the inferential nature of the problem, then five-year-old children solve the problem (20) college students did in the Kendlers’ own experiments.
选项
A、another
B、different
C、additional
D、else
答案
A
解析
本题测试语法。another意为“另外一个”,指同类中其他的;different意为“不同的”,指在形式、特性、数量或本质上不相像的;additional意为“另外的”,指附加的、补充的;else意为“别的”,通常用在疑问代词或不定代词之后。前面段落提到了psychologists中的一个,本段又提到了另一个psychologist,所以应该选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/IAe4777K
0
考研英语二
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?Accordingtothepassage,whydoesadrinkbringseriousresults
Theauthorthinksthatpullfactors______.Peoplemovingwithincountrybordersareoftenmotivatedbythedesireto______.
Thequestionofethicsinthelegalprofessionisonethathasplaguedtheindustrysinceitsinception.Thecommonimageofan
WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerlead
Whenitcomestotheeconomy,pessimismisinandgoodoldAmericanoptimismisout.Fromtheheadlinesinthenewspaperstothe
Oneofthemosteminentofpsychologists,ClarkHull,claimedthattheessenceofreasoningliesintheputtingtogetheroftwo
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【1】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotherin
In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad【1】the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge【2】fro
In1999,thepriceofoilhoveredaround$16abarrel.By2008,ithad【1】the$100abarrelmark.Thereasonsforthesurge【2】fro
Itlookedjustlikeanotheraircraftfromtheoutside.Thepilottoldhisyoungpassengersthatitwasbuiltin1964.Butappear
随机试题
下列组分中,在FID中有响应的是()。
产品定位的客观依据。
麝香主治的神昏证为
自发性气胸常用的胸腔穿刺抽气减压的部位是()
患者,女,20岁。头部外伤后2天。患者受伤时立即昏迷,20分钟后清醒,头痛。呕吐2次。半小时前又出现昏迷。检查:右侧瞳孔散大,对光反射消失,左侧肢体瘫痪。目前最根本的处理是
建设工程实行施工总承包的,由( )单位负责收集,汇总各分包单位形成的工程档案。
2021年4月1日,上海的甲公司与北京的乙公司签订了一份买卖合同,约定:甲公司向乙公司购买1000吨化工原料,总价款为200万元;乙公司在合同签订后1个月内交货,甲公司在验货后7日内付款。双方没有明确约定货物的交付地点。2021年4月2日,甲公司
约翰为在华工作的外籍人士,在中国境内无住所,其所在国与中国签订了税收协定,约翰已经在中国境内居住满5年,2014年是在中国境内居住的第6年且居住满1年,取得收入如下:(1)每月从中国境内任职企业取得工资收入39800元,另每月以实报实销方式取得住
一个不尊重他人的人不会得到他人的尊重,一个不会反省的人不会真正地尊重他人。张三是一个会反省的人。如果上述断定为真,那么以下哪项一定为真?
最早表述“中学为体,西学为用”这一概念的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)