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  3. Physical life, which has often been depreciated from the moral point of view, is not indeed by itself supreme, but it is certain

Physical life, which has often been depreciated from the moral point of view, is not indeed by itself supreme, but it is certain

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问题    Physical life, which has often been depreciated from the moral point of view, is not indeed by itself supreme, but it is certain that much evil charged to a bad will is due to morbid or defective conditions of the physical organism. One would be ashamed to write such a truism were it not that our juvenile courts and our prison investigations show how far we are from having sensed it in the past. And our present labor conditions show how far our organization of industry is from any decent provision for a healthy, sound, vigorous life of all the people. This war is shocking in its destruction, but it is doubtful if it can do the harm to Great Britain that her factory system has done. And if life is in one respect less than ideals, in another respect it is greater; for it provides the possibility not only of carrying out existing ideals but of the birth of new and higher ideals. Social interaction likewise has been much discussed but is still very inadequately realized. The great possibilities of cooperation have long been utilized in war. With the factory and commercial organization of the past century we have hints of their economic power. Our schools, books, newspapers, are removing some of the barriers. But how far different social classes are from any knowledge, not to say appreciation, of each other! How far different races are apart! How easy to inculcate national hatred and distrust! The fourth great problem which baffles Wells’s hero in the Research Magnificent is yet far from solution. The great danger to morality in America lies not in any theory as to the subjectivity of the moral judgment, but in the conflict of classes and races. Intelligence and reason are in certain respects advancing. The social sciences are finding tools and methods. We are learning to think of much of our moral inertia, our waste of life, our narrowness, our muddling and blundering in social arrangements, as stupid — we do not like to be called stupid even if we scorn the imputation of claiming to be "good". But we do not organize peace as effectively as war. We shrink before the thought of expending for scientific investigation sums comparable with those used for military purposes. And is scholarship entitled to shift the blame entirely upon other interests? Perhaps if it conceived its tasks in greater terms and addressed itself to them more energetically it would find greater support. And finally the process of judgment and appraisal, of examination and revaluation. To judge for the sake of judging, to analyze and evaluate for the sake of the process hardly seems worthwhile. But if we supply the process with the new factors of increased life, physical, social, intelligent, we shall be compelled to new valuations. Such has been the course of moral development; we may expect this to be repeated. The great war and the changes that emerge ought to set new tasks for ethical students. As medievalism, the century of enlightenment, and the century of industrial revolution, each had its ethics, so the century that follows ought to have its ethics, roused by the problem of dealing fundamentally with economic, social, racial, and national relations, and using the resources of better scientific method than belonged to the ethical systems which served well their time.
According to the author, moral progress involves______.
选项 A、a process of logical deduction
B、insight into the nature of things as they are
C、the conviction that moral life is a process involving social intercourse
D、none of the above
答案C
解析 根据文中的“Social interaction likewise has been much discussed but is still very inadequately realized．”可知，生活为理想的实现以及更高层次新理想的诞生创造了可能性。社会交往的问题已经讨论过很多次，但还远未能实现，而下文提及的一系列问题也是道德在社会交往层面未能实现的具体表现。据此可知，C项“认为道德生活包括社会交往”正确。
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