2. 外语
  3. Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of t

Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of t

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问题     Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America.
    His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments. Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. "He who dies rich, dies disgraced," he often said.
    Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a" school of technology that is now part of Carnegie-Mellon University.
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答案 安德鲁?卡耐基，是众所周知的钢铁大王，他建立了美国钢铁工业，并在这一过程中成为了美国最富有的人之一。 他的成功，部分归结于他的销售能力，部分归结于经济衰退时期他的扩张策略——经济衰退时，他的多数对手都在缩减投资。卡耐基深信个人应该通过努力工作取得进步，但他也坚定地认为有钱人应该利用他们的财富为社会谋福利。他反对施舍救济，宁愿为他人提供教育机会帮助他们自立。卡耐基经常说：“死而富者，死得可耻。” 他向社会所做的捐助很多．其中比较突出的都以他的名字命名，如匹兹堡卡耐基学校，这个学校拥有一个图书馆，一个美术馆和一个国家历史博物馆；他还创立了一所技术学院，目前该学院是卡耐基梅隆大学的重要组成部分。
解析 1、一般说来，人物介绍文字内容上都极具个性，语言比较生动，考生翻译此类文字，重点当在对人物行为举止及其个性特征进行准确的传译。
2、第1段的known as the King of Steel是过去分词短语作插入语，译作独立小句“是众所周知的钢铁大王”，符合汉语介绍人物时多用“…是…”的表达习惯。
3、第2段第3句的现在分词短语preferring…在逻辑上与主句构成对比，译为独立小句，凸现这种结构所要表达的语义；that引导的定语从句实际上表示目的，故译作状语“帮助他们自立”。
4、第2段最后一句的“He who dies rich，dies disgraced．”表述简练，对比鲜明，译文“死而富者，死得可耻”无论在形式上还是在意义上与原文的对应都很巧妙。
5、第3段第1句为全倒装句，翻译时可保留原语序不变，只是根据汉语习惯进行拆分，译为“他向社会所做的捐助很多，其中…”：fine arts指“美术”或“美术的各种形式”，如绘画、雕刻等。
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