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  3. In the view of the primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordinary social skills of an infant are at the heart of

In the view of the primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordinary social skills of an infant are at the heart of

admin2012-06-20  53
问题     In the view of the primatologist (灵长类动物学家) Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordinary social skills of an infant are at the heart of what makes us human. Through its ability to secure the attentive care not just of its mother but of many others, a baby promotes many of the behaviors and emotions that we prize in ourselves and that often distinguish us from other animals, including a willingness to share, to cooperate with strangers, to relax one’s guard.
    As Dr. Hrdy argues in her latest book Mothers and Others： The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding, human babies are so dependent on their elders for such a long time that humanity would never have made it without a break from the great ape model of child-rearing. Chimpanzee and gorilla mothers are capable of rearing their offspring pretty much through their own powers, but human mothers are not.
    Our capacity to cooperate in groups, to empathize with others and to wonder what others are thinking and feeling—all these traits. Dr. Hrdy argues, probably arose in response to the selective pressures of being in a cooperatively breeding social group, and the need to trust and rely on others and be deemed trustworthy and reliable in turn. Dr. Hrdy points out that mother chimpanzees and gorillas jealously hold on to their infants for the first six months or more of life. Other females may express real interest in the newborn, but the mother does not let go. By contrast, human mothers in virtually every culture studied allow others to hold their babies from birth onward, to a greater or lesser extent depending on tradition.
    Dr. Hrdy wrote her book in part to counter what she sees as the reigning dogma (教条) among evolutionary scholars that humans evolved their extreme sociality and cooperative behavior to better compete with other humans. "I’m not comfortable accepting this idea that the origins of hypersociality can be found in warfare, or that in-group amity (友好关系) arose in the interest of out-group enmity," she said in a telephone interview.
What distinguishes human from animals according to Sarah Blaffer Hrdy?
选项 A、Animals cannot promote behaviors and emotions.
B、Animals cannot communicate like human.
C、Animals lack social skills held by human.
D、Animals never cooperate with their partners.
答案C
解析 推理判断题。由定位段可知，婴儿超强的社交能力正是人类的本性所在，婴儿不仅能获得父母还能获得别人的细心照料，这种社交能力把人类与动物区别开来，言外之意，动物没有人类的社交能力。故正确答案为C)“动物缺少人类所拥有的那种社交能力”。
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