2. 外语
  3. Five years ago, Research in Motion, maker of the BlackBerry, was one of the most acclaimed technology companies in the world. Th

Five years ago, Research in Motion, maker of the BlackBerry, was one of the most acclaimed technology companies in the world. Th

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问题     Five years ago, Research in Motion, maker of the BlackBerry, was one of the most acclaimed technology companies in the world. The BlackBerry dominated the smartphone market, was a staple of the business world, and had helped make texting a mainstream practice. Terrifically profitable, the phone became a cultural touchstone—in 2006, a Webster’s dictionary made "CrackBerry" its word of the year.
    These days, it seems more like the SlackBerry. Thanks to the iPhone and Android devices, R.I.M.’s smartphone market share has plummeted; in the U.S., according to one estimate, it fell from forty-four percent in 2009 to just ten percent last year. The BlackBerry’s reputed addictive-ness now looks like a myth; a recent study found that only a third of users planned to stick with it the next time they upgraded. R.I.M.’s stock price is down seventy-five percent in the past year, and two weeks ago the company was forced to bring in a new C.E.O. The Times wondered recently whether the BlackBerry will go the way of technological dodoes like the pager.
    The easy explanation for what happened to R.I.M. is that, like so many other companies, it got run over by Apple. But the real problem is that the technology world changed, and R.I.M. didn’t. The BlackBerry was designed for businesses. Its true customers weren’t its users but the people who run corporate information-technology departments. The BlackBerry gave them what they wanted most: reliability and security. It was a closed system, running on its own network. The phone’s settings couldn’t easily be tinkered with by ordinary users. So businesses loved it, and R.I.M.’s assumption was that, once companies embraced the technology, consumers would, too.
    This pattern—of winning over business and government markets and then reaching consumers—is a time-honored one. The telegraph was initially taken up mainly by railroads, financial institutions, and big companies. The telephone, though it became popular with consumers relatively quickly, was first used principally as a business tool. The typewriter’s biggest users were offices. The Internet originated in the military-industrial complex, and first found an audience among academics and scientists. The personal computer, though popular with hobbyists early on, came to market dominance only once I.B.M. introduced models targeted squarely at businesses. Historically, new technologies have been very expensive—when phone service was introduced in New York, it cost the equivalent of two thousand dollars a month—and so early adopters have generally been companies that could make money by using them. In 2006, it looked to R.I.M. as if the story of the smartphone market would echo the story of the telegraph.
    It didn’t. In fact, even as the BlackBerry was at the height of its popularity, we were entering the age of what’s inelegantly called the consumerization of I.T., or simply Bring Your Own Device. In this new era, technological diffusion started to flow the other way—from consumers to businesses. Social media went from being an annoying fad to an unavoidable part of the way many businesses work. Tablets, which many initially thought were just underpowered laptops, soon became common among salesmen, hospital staffs, and retailers. So, too, with the iPhone and Androids. They’ve always been targeted at consumers, and tend to come with stuff that I.T. departments hate, like all those extraneous apps. Yet, because employees love them, businesses have adapted. As a result, the iPhone and Androids now control more than half the corporate mobile market.
    Consumerization has been disastrous for R.I.M., because the company has seemed clueless about what consumers want. R.I.M. didn’t bring out a touch-screen phone until long after Apple, and the device that it eventually launched was a pale imitation of the iPhone. Although the BlackBerry brand name was once seen as a revolutionary success, over time R.I.M.’s product line became bewilderingly large, with inscrutable model names. If you’re a consumer, do you want the 8300 or the seemingly identical 8330? And the BlackBerry’s closed system has left R.I.M. ill equipped for a world in which phones and tablets are platforms for the whole app ecosystem.
    The consumerization of I.T. has deep economic and social roots and is unlikely to go away. Technological innovation has dramatically lowered the cost of computing, making it possible for large numbers of consumers to own powerful new technologies at reasonably low prices. The workplace is changing, too. The barrier between work and home has been eroded, and if people are going to have to be constantly connected they want at least to use their own phones. Companies have quickly come to love consumerization, too: a recent study by the consulting firm Avanade found that executives like the way it keeps workers plugged in all day long. And since workers often end up paying for their own devices, it can also help businesses cut costs. One way or another, consumers are going to have more and more say over what technologies businesses adopt. It’s a brave new world. It’s just not the one that the BlackBerry was built for.
                                            From The New Yorker, February 13, 2012
Which statement of the following is CORRECT according to the article above?
选项 A、Technologies, at its starting stage , are always unaffordable for ordinary people.
B、Tablets were held in contempt at the very beginning.
C、Business accepted iPhone for the sake of efficiency.
D、Blackberry has been taken as a replica of an old-fashioned antique.
答案B
解析 本题为细节题。选项A指出技术在发展初期，对普通人而言都是过于昂贵的，在第四段Historically，new technologies have been very expensive(历史上，新技术是昂贵的)，而且在文章最后一段，我们看到to own powerful new—technologies at reasonably low prices(以合理低价购得强劲的新技术)已经很普遍了；选项B指出平板电脑在早期是被蔑视的，在第五段可以看到which many initially thought were just underpowered laptops(很多人刚开始认为平板电脑是没有足够动力的手提电脑)，可以知道在早期人们的确并没有看好平板电脑，是轻视它的；选项C指出公司接受iPhone是因为提高工作效率的关系，在第五段的最后一句because employees love them，businesses have adapted．(因为员工喜欢，所以公司采用了iPhone)，所以原因不是工作效率问题，而是员工喜好问题。选项D指出黑莓被认为是老古董，在文中没有具体那一句提到这一点。因此，正确选项是B。
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