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  3. In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted aus

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问题     In the 1920s, demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity(紧缩)programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s.
    In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
    President Hoover’s successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid(杂交)grain, and fertilizers.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to______.
选项 A、reduce their scale of production
B、make full use of their land
C、adjust the prices of their farm products
D、be self-sufficient in agricultural production
答案A
解析 本题问《美国农业调整法案》是为了鼓励农民做什么。文章第3段谈到继任总统通过一项法案，给予农业部长一种权力，他可与农民订立自愿的协议，农民让土地休耕而政府给他们进行补偿，通过有计划地减少产量以提高农产品价格。因此，美国政府的法案是鼓励农民缩小农业生产的规模。选项B、C项均属政府行为，而非鼓励农民自己去做的事。D项与短文事实相去甚远，self-sufficient只在第1段提到。
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