首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Why Teenagers Really Do Need an Extra Hour in Bed? A)"Making teens start school in the morning is ’ cruel’ ," brain doctor claim
Why Teenagers Really Do Need an Extra Hour in Bed? A)"Making teens start school in the morning is ’ cruel’ ," brain doctor claim
admin
2014-05-30
110
问题
Why Teenagers Really Do Need an Extra Hour in Bed?
A)"Making teens start school in the morning is ’ cruel’ ," brain doctor claims. So declared a British newspaper headline in 2007 after a talk I gave at an academic conference. One disbelieving reader responded: " This man sounds brain-dead. "
B)That was a typical reaction to work I was reporting at the time on teenage sleep patterns and their effect on performance at school. Six years on there is growing acceptance that the structure of the academic day needs to take account of adolescent sleep patterns. The latest school to adopt a later start time is the UCL Academy in London; others are considering following suit.
C)So what are the facts about teenage sleep, and how should society adjust to these needs? The biology of human sleep timing, like that of other mammals, changes as we age. This has been shown in many studies. As adolescence begins, bedtimes and waking times get later. This trend continues until 19. 5 years in women and 21 in men. Then it reverses. At 55 we wake at about the time we woke prior to adolescence. On average this is two hours earlier than adolescents. This means that for a teenager, a 7 a. m. alarm call is the equivalent of a 5 a. m. start for a person in their 50s.
D)Precisely why this is so is unclear but the shifts related with changes in hormones(荷尔蒙)at adolescence and the decline in those hormones as we age. However, biology is only part of the problem. Additional factors include a more relaxed attitude to bedtimes by parents, a general disregard for the importance of sleep, and access to TVs, DVDs, PCs, gaming devices, cell phones and so on, all of which promote alertness and eat into time available for sleep.
E)The amount of sleep teenagers get varies between countries, geographic region and social class, but all studies show they are going to bed later and not getting as much sleep as they need because of early school starts.
F)Mary Carskadon at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, who is a pioneer in the area of adolescent sleep, has shown that teenagers need about 9 hours a night to maintain full alertness and academic performance. My own recent observations at a UK school in Liverpool suggested many were getting just 5 hours on a school night. Unsurprisingly, teachers reported students dozing in class.
G)Evidence that sleep is important is overwhelming. Elegant research has demonstrated its critical role in memory improvement and our ability to generate wise solutions to complex problems. Sleep disruption may increase the level of the stress. Excited behaviors, lack of empathy, sense of humor and mood are similarly affected. All in all, a tired adolescent is a moody, insensitive, angry and stressed one. Perhaps less obviously, sleep loss is associated with metabolic(新陈代谢的)changes. Long-term lack of sleep might be an important factor for negative conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病), overweight and high blood pressure.
H)Adolescents are increasingly using stimulants to compensate for sleep loss, and caffeinated(含咖啡因的)and/or sugary drinks are the usual choice. So a caffeinated drink late in the day delays sleep at night. Tiredness also increases the likelihood of taking up smoking.
I)In the US, the observation that teenagers have biologically delayed sleep patterns compared to adults prompted several schools to put back the start of the school day. An analysis of the impact by Kyla Wahlstrom at the University of Minnesota found that academic performance was enhanced, as was attendance. Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression. In the UK, Monkseaton High School near Newcastle instituted a 10 am start in 2009 and saw a progress in academic performance.
J)However, a later start by itself is not enough. Society in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously. Sleep is not a luxury but a fundamental biological need, enhancing creativity, productivity, mood and the ability to interact with others.
K)If you are dependent upon an alarm clock, or parent, to get you out of bed; if you take a long time to wake up; if you feel sleepy and impatient during the day; if your behavior is overly impulsive, it means you are probably not getting enough sleep. Take control. Ensure the bedroom is a place that promotes sleep—dark and not too warm—don’t text, use a computer or watch TV for at least half an hour before trying to sleep and avoid bright lights. Try not to nap during the day, and seek out natural light in the morning to adjust the body clock and sleep patterns to an earlier time. Avoid caffeinated drinks after lunch.
L)It is my strongly held view, based upon the evidence, that the efforts of dedicated(专注的,投入的)teachers and the money spent on school facilities will have a greater impact and education will be more rewarding when, collectively, teenagers, parents, teachers and school governors start to take sleep seriously. In the universal language of school reports: we must do better.
The hormones in human body decrease step by step as people get older.
选项
答案
D
解析
D)段主要讲述年龄与睡眠质量有关的原因。人体内的荷尔蒙会随着年龄的增长而减少。题干中的decrease对应原文中的the decline,故答案为D)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/5Bv7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Bylettingthebusruninthemorningonly.B、Bylimitingthenumberofthestudents.C、Byobtainingthesupportfromthegove
A、Itisonlypreparedforchildrenfarawayfromtheirschool.B、ItinvolvesabusservicefromMiltontoImpingtonandback.C、
A、Namesomefamousadvertisersintheworld.B、Tellpeoplesomeindustryrevolutionstories.C、Showsomeadvertisementsduringt
A、HehaseverworkedinAmerica.B、Hehastaughttennisintheuniversityteam.C、Hehastaughtsportsatasummerschool.D、He
EightEssentialLifeSkillsThatSchoolsCanTeachOurKidsIlearnedatanearlyagefrommymotherthattherewasmoreto
EightEssentialLifeSkillsThatSchoolsCanTeachOurKidsIlearnedatanearlyagefrommymotherthattherewasmoreto
EightEssentialLifeSkillsThatSchoolsCanTeachOurKidsIlearnedatanearlyagefrommymotherthattherewasmoreto
Theconceptofstudentexchangebetweencountriesisnotanewone.Itisacommon【B1】______inmanyEuropeancountriesandtheU
A、Engineeringandindustrialdesign.B、Businessandmanagement.C、Mathematicsandcomputerscience.D、Medicinesandchemistry.B
随机试题
患者,女性,65岁。全身皮疹反复发作30年,近半年来皮损加重。患者既往诊断银屑病予外用药物治疗,具体不详。2年前间断口服泼尼松治疗,皮损控制不理想,于半年前自行停用。系统检查:急性病容,T38.7,脉搏98次/分,轻度库欣面容。专科检查见颜面、躯干和双大
关于体液的叙述,错误的是
患者,女,24岁,已婚。闭经7个月,形体肥胖,胸胁满闷,呕恶痰多,面浮足肿,舌淡苔白腻,脉沉滑。其证候是()
与生产过程有关的职业性危害因素包括()。
涤纶弹力丝(非零售用;非缝纫线)
人力资源规划的步骤有:①提供人力资源信息;②评估人力资源规划;③组织目标与战略分析;④供需匹配;⑤执行计划与实施监控;⑥人员预测。对其排列顺序正确的是()。
下列著作权的保护期不受限制()。
孔颖达。字仲达,冀州衡水人。八岁就学,诵记日千余言,暗记《三礼义宗》。及长,明服氏《春秋传》、郑氏《尚书》、《诗》、《礼记》、王氏《易》,善属文,通步历。尝造同郡刘焯,焯名重海内,初不之礼,及请质所疑,遂大畏服。隋大业初,举明经高第,授河内郡博士
《花蛤蟆》是山东_________地区的一首儿歌。
党的绝对领导通过党委对公安机关实际的、间接的领导才能得到落实。()
最新回复
(
0
)