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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C1】
选项 A、acting
B、relying
C、centering
D、commenting
答案C
解析 本题要求判断空格处应填入什么分词与on搭配，构成分词短语。从结构上看，文章第一段由三个平行结构的长句子构成，其主要结构为Many theories concerning…focuson；Theories——on the individual suggest that：Theories focusing on the role of societysuggest that。三个句子的主语都是theories，并都接有分词作定语。因此空格处填入的分词应和前一句中的concerning、后一句中的focusing on遥相呼应，都表示关于……的理论的含义，从文意方面看，第一句话总述到，关于(concerning)青少年犯罪缘由的理论集中研究两个方面，即个人因素和社会因素。第二句强调个人因素的理论。第三句强调(fo-cusing on)社会因素的理论。能表达出集中强调含义的分词短语只有centering on。
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考研英语一

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