首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Big Blunders from Big Businesses International marketing can be a tricky business. With the increase in global trade, intern
Big Blunders from Big Businesses International marketing can be a tricky business. With the increase in global trade, intern
admin
2013-01-22
47
问题
Big Blunders from Big Businesses
International marketing can be a tricky business. With the increase in global trade, international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive and profitable. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Out of their blunders, a whole new industry of translation services has emerged.
Faulty Translations
The value of understanding the language of a country cannot be overestimated. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising. Since a language is more than the sum of its words, a literal, word-by-word dictionary translation seldom works. The following examples prove this point. Otis Engineering Company once displayed a poster at a trade show in Moscow that turned heads. Due to a poor translation of its message, the sign boasted that the firm’s equipment was great for improving a person’s sex life. The Parker Pen Company suffered an embarrassing moment when it realized that a faulty translation of one of its ads into Spanish resulted in a promise to "help prevent unwanted Pregnancies."
Automobile manufacturers in the United States have made several notorious advertising mistakes that have been well publicized. General Motors learned a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. Although "nova" means "star" in Spanish, when it is spoken, it sounds like "nova" which means "it doesn’t go." Few people wanted to buy a car with that meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up dramatically. Ford also ran into trouble with the name of one of its products. When it introduced a low-cost truck called the "Fiera" into Spanish speaking countries, Ford didn’t realize until too late that the name meant "ugly old woman" in Spanish. Another American auto manufacturer made a mistake when it translated its Venezuelan ad for a car battery. It was no surprise when Venezuelan customers didn’t want to buy a battery that was advertised as being "highly overrated."
Airline companies have also experienced problems of poor translation. A word-by-word translation ruined a whole advertising campaign for Braniff Airlines. Hoping to promote its plush leather seats, Braniff’s ad urged passengers to "fly on leather." However, when the slogan was translated into Spanish, it told customers to "fly naked." Another airline company, Eastern Airlines, made a similar mistake when it translated its motto, "We earn our wings daily" into Spanish. The poor translation suggested that its ’passengers often ended up dead.
Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies. One American food company’s friendly "Jolly Green Giant" became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre." When translated into German, Pepsi’s popular slogan, "Come Alive with Pepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave." No wonder customers in Germany didn’t rush out to buy Pepsi. Even a company with an excellent international track record like Kentucky Fried Chicken is not immune to the perils of faulty translation. A lot of sales were lost when the catch phrase "finger lickin’ good" became "eat your fingers off" in the Chinese translation.
A manufacturer of one laundry detergent made an expensive mistake in a promotional campaign in the Middle East. The advertisements showed a picture of a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the company’s detergent in the middle, and clean clothes on the right. Unfortunately, the message was incorrectly interpreted because most people in the Middle East read from right to left. It seemed to them that the detergent turned clean clothes into dirty ones.
Cultural Oversights Can Be Disastrous
Successful international marketing doesn’t stop with good translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, level of literacy, religion, or economic development of a culture, they fail to capture their target market. For example, when a popular American designer tried to introduce a new perfume in the Latin American market, the product aroused little interest and the company lost a lot of money. Ads for the new fragrance highlighted its fresh camellia scent. What marketers had failed to realize was that camellias are traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.
Procter and Gamble has been successful in marketing its products internationally for many years. Today, overseas markets account for over one third of its sales. However, the company’s success in this area didn’t happen over night. Procter and Gamble initially experienced huge losses because marketing managers did not recognize important cultural differences. For instance, when P&G first entered the Japanese market with its popular Cheer laundry detergent, most Japanese housewives weren’t interested. The promotional campaign that emphasized Cheer as an effective "all temperature" detergent was lost on the Japanese who usually wash clothes in cold water. Although the pitch had been quite successful in the United States where clothes are washed in all temperatures, it fell flat in Japan. All of this could have been avoided if P&G marketers had done more preliminary research before launching the campaign. Once P&G changed its strategy and promised superior cleaning in cold water, sales for Cheer picked up dramatically.
The use of numbers can also be a source of problems for international marketers. Since every culture has its own set of lucky and unlucky numbers, companies need to do their homework if they want to avoid marketing blunders. A U. S. manufacturer of golf balls learned this lesson the hard way when it packaged its product in groups of four for export to Japan. The company couldn’t figure out why the golf balls weren’t selling well until it realized that in Japanese the word for the number four also means death. In Japan four and nine are very unlucky numbers which should be avoided by marketers.
Even illustrations need to be carefully examined. A picture that is culturally offensive can ruin an advertisement even if the written message is properly translated. McDonnell Douglas Corporation made an unfortunate error in an aircraft brochure for potential customers in India. It included a picture of men wearing turbans, which was not appreciated by the Indians. A company spokesman reported, "It was politely pointed out to us that turbans were distinctly Pakistani Moslem.’ The artist for the ad had used an old National Geographic magazine to copy the picture.
Preventing Blunders
Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in securing accurate translations. They are also becoming much more sensitive to the cultural distinctions and variables that play such an important role in any international business venture. Above all, the best way to guard against errors is to hire trained professional translators who thoroughly understand the target language and its idiomatic usage. These translators should be very familiar with the culture and people of the country, and have a grasp of the technical aspects of the industry.
Many international companies are using a technique called "back-translation," which greatly reduces the possibility of advertising blunders. The process of back-translation requires one person to translate the message into the target language and another person to translate the new version back into the original language. The purpose is to determine whether the original material and the retranslated material are the same. In this way companies can en sure that their intended message is really being conveyed.
Effective translators aim to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings. In designing advertisements to be used in other countries, marketers are recognizing the need to keep messages as short and simple as possible and to avoid idioms, jargon, and slang that are difficult to translate. Similarly, they avoid jokes, since humor does not translate well from one culture to another. What is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. The bottom line is that consumers interpret advertising in terms of their own cultures. As the global marketplace opens up, there is no room for linguistic or cultural blunders.
Mistakes in global marketing can be embarrassingly humorous, but will inevitably weaken a company’s position in the market.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/5LI7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Theydon’tgetridofflabbyarms.B、Theycandamagearmmuscles.C、Theyaren’tacceptabletomostpeople.D、Theycanraiseon
AstheworldcontinuestorecoverfromtheGreatRecession,governmentsandbusinessesarefocusedonhowtospureconomicgrowt
DrugshavebeenapartoftheAmericanstorysincetheveryfirstdayColumbuslandedintheNewWorld.TheTainoIndians【36】Col
A、Theywereinterestedandexpressedtheirthoughtsviae-mail.B、Theywillinglysubscribedtoherpodcast.C、Theyfeltsurprise
A、Bothofthemrealizedtheiroriginalambitions.B、BothGeorgeandRichardbecamemillionaires.C、Richardbecameamillionaire
Inmostmessages,thereisanobviousmeaningthataliteralreadingofthewordsandsentencesreveals.Butthereisoftenanot
OneofthoserarelocalcreationsofAmerica,cowboypoetryhasalongandvividhistory,drivenbyitscolorfulpractitionersa
A、Whatingredientshouldanutritionlabellist.B、Howtogetconsumerstoreadlabelsmorecarefully.C、Whatfoodinformations
Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto______farmingthoughhisfathersuggestshimthinkingtwicebeforedoit.
PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins【B1】______PresidentsFord,CarterandBushat"thepresident’ssummitforAmerica’sfuture"【
随机试题
A.近侧指间关节不能主动屈曲B.远侧指间关节不能主动屈曲C.掌指关节不能主动屈曲D.两个指间关节均不能主动屈曲E.两个指间关节和掌指关节均不能主动屈曲男性,50岁,右示指玻璃切割伤,指深、浅屈肌腱均断裂
在通用矩阵中,对于()的业务应采取“区别对待”的企业战略。
下列属于成本会计科目的是()。
对产地检验检疫,口岸报关出境的货物,由产地检验检疫机构出具( ),口岸检验检疫机构经验证或核查货证合格后,换发( )。
以下各项中,()的说法不正确。
根据企业所得税法律制度的规定,下列关于企业所得税税率的判断,说法正确的有()。
奥苏伯尔认为,学校情境中的成就动机主要由三方面的内驱力组成,即()。
多年后,奥运圣火点燃的那一幕记忆犹新,这属于()。
控制采购的输入不包括()。
中国的人口老龄化带来了一系列社会问题,如劳动力资源相对短缺、国家福利和医疗服务支出增加。
最新回复
(
0
)