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  3. You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you se

You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you se

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问题     You wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyelids if you see a dead rat in the road, but you open your eyes and mouth wide if you see a live one in your bedroom. Why is that? Facial expressions are usually thought of as simple tools of communication, but in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals Charles Darwin proposed that they may prepare us to react to situations when he noticed that some expressions seemed to be used across cultures and even species. Now Joshua Susskind and his colleagues at the University of Toronto, Canada, have put that idea to the test.
    Susskind’s team wondered whether the characteristic expressions of fear—eyes wide open, eyebrows raised and mouth agape—might improve how sensory information is acquired and so increase alertness. Conversely disgust—with the face all squeezed up—might blunt the senses, shielding us from unpleasant sights and smells.
    The researchers asked subjects to complete various tests while holding a fearful, disgusted or neutral expression. In one they had to identify when a spot entered their field of view. In another they were required to shift their focus as quickly as possible between two targets on a computer screen.
    How much air the volunteers breathed in while expressing fear and disgust was also measured.
    In each case the wide-eyed Home Alone (the movie series starring Macaulay Culkin) face let significantly more of the world in. Subjects with wide-open eyes detected peripheral objects more quickly and performed side-to-side eye movements faster. They also took in more air with each breath without exerting any extra effort. An Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan showed the nasal cavity was enlarged while subjects held this expression, which the team suggest could be linked with a greater ability to absorb odors.
    "These changes are consistent with the idea that fear, for example, is a posture towards vigilance, and disgust a posture towards sensory rejection," says Susskind. His team is already at work on experiments to explore to what extent the brain can use this extra information to enhance performance. "What was nice was the number of different ways they got at this question," says Elizabeth Phelps at New York University. "They were very creative." She thinks the work could open up a whole new way of thinking about facial expressions.
Charles Darwin’s The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals proposed that facial expressions might
选项 A、act as a simple tool of cross-cultural communication.
B、get people ready to the changes of circumstances.
C、be difficult to understand in different cultures.
D、equip people with the knowledge of other species.
答案B
解析 根据The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals定位到第一段。该段中出现该书名的语句中有一转折信号词but，进一步表明这是重要信息出现的地方。该句指出达尔文认为面部表情可以帮助我们及时对周围形势做出反应，故选B项。A是大多数人普遍持有的观点，而非达尔文本人的观点，故A项张冠李戴了；此外达尔文在他的书中指出有些表情在不同的文化群体甚至不同的物种间都是共通的。故C项所述与原文背道而驰；而D项指出面部表情能帮助人类更好地了解其他物种，则推断过度了。
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