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  3. Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggest

Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggest

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问题     Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of Yale Business School suggests so. The structure of languages【C1】________our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have【C2】________long-term consequences.
    There has been a lot of research【C3】________how we deal with the future.【C4】________the famous marshmallow studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist【C5】________is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that【C6】________they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one. Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future【C7】________became more successful young adults.
    Chen’s recent findings suggest that an unlikely【C8】________, language, strongly influences our future-oriented【C9】________ Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future【C10】________other languages can only weakly tell them apart. Chen’s recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better【C11】________for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to【C12】________their health. The way these people conceive the future is similar【C13】________the way they conceive the present. As a result, the future does not feel very【C14】________and it is easier for them to act【C15】________ their future interests.
    Chen analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. The analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such as Mandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement【C16】________smoke less, exercise more, and【C17】________be healthier in older age. Language also has an impact on countries’ national savings rates.
    Chen’s research shows that language【C18】________our future-related thoughts. And the research also points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can【C19】________the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have significant【C20】________on our judgments and decisions.
【C18】
选项 A、emphasizes
B、conveys
C、undermines
D、structures
答案D
解析 文章开头提到研究表明语言能决定(determine)人们的健康和财富状况，最后一段第二句提到陈的研究也指出了谈论未来的方式能塑造(shape)我们心态的可能性。从also可推断该句与本句所说的内容应相关，下句中提到的mindsets和本句的thoughts都是指精神方面，可以推断空格处所填单词应与determine和shape属于同一语义范畴，D项structures有“构建”之意，语义符合。A项emphasizes和B项conveys分别表示“强调”和“传达”，无法与上下文语义呼应。C项undermines意为“破坏”，无语义线索表明语言破坏我们的思想。
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