首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Climate Change Climate change is with us. A decade ago, it was conjecture. Now the future is unfolding before our eyes. Cana
Climate Change Climate change is with us. A decade ago, it was conjecture. Now the future is unfolding before our eyes. Cana
admin
2010-07-14
52
问题
Climate Change
Climate change is with us. A decade ago, it was conjecture. Now the future is unfolding before our eyes. Canada’s Inuit see it in disappearing Arctic ice and permafrost (永久冻结带). The shanty town dwellers of Latin America and Southern Asia see it in lethal storms and floods. Europeans see it in disappearing glaciers, forest fires and fatal heat waves.
Scientists see it in tree rings, ancient coral and bubbles trapped in ice cores. These reveal that the world has not been as warm as it is now for a millennium or more. The three warmest years on record have all occurred since 19983 19 of the warmest 20 since 1980. And Earth has probably never warmed as fast as in the past 30 years a period when natural influences on global temperatures, such as solar cycles and volcanoes should have cooled us down.
Climatologists reporting for the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) say we are seeing global warming caused by human activities. The felling down of trees that largely decrease the photosynthesis (光合作用) to absorb CO2 and the burning of coal, oil and natural gas that gives out great amount of CO2 in the air all result in the increasing of temperatures.
Global Greenhouse
People are causing the change by burning nature’s vast store of coal, oil and natural gas. This releases billions of tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year, although the changes may actually have started with the dawn of agriculture, say some scientists.
The physics of the "greenhouse effect" has been a matter of acientific fact for a century. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps the sun’s radiation within the troposphere(对流屋), the lower atmosphere. It has accumulated along with other man-made greenhouse gases, such as methane (沼气) and chlorfiuorocarbons (CFCs) (碳氟化合物). Some studies suggest that cosmic rays may also be involved in warming.
If current trends continue, we will raise atmospheric CO2 concentrations to double pre-industrial levels during this century. That will probably be enough to raise global temperatures by around 2℃ to 5℃. And the trend is still going on. Some warming is certain, but the degree will be determined by cycles involving melting ice, the oceans, water vapor, clouds and changes to vegetation and plants.
Warming is bringing other unpredictable changes. Melting glaciers and precipitation are causing some rivers to overflow, while evaporation is emptying others. Diseases are spreading, especially in tropical areas. Some crops grow faster than before while others see yields slashed greatly by disease and drought. Clashes over dwindling water resources may cause conflicts in many regions.
As natural ecosystems—such as coral reefs—are disrupted, biodiversity is reduced. Most species cannot migrate fast enough to keep up, though others are already evolving in responses to warming. This has resulted to the extinction (or close extinction) of some species and put a lot of species in danger. In addition, for those who have adapted to the new environment, the amount of the species is increasing in great deal.
Thermal expansion of the oceans, combined with melting ice on land, is also raising sea levels. In this century, human activity could trigger an irreversible melting of the Greenland ice sheet. This would condemn the world to a rise in sea level of six meters—enough to flood land occupied by billions of people. And this is one fear that almost all scientists hold in heart.
The global warming would be more pronounced if it were not for sulphur particles and other pollutants that shade us, and because forests and oceans absorb around half of the CO2 we produce. But the accumulation rate of atmospheric CO2 has doubled since 2001, suggesting that nature’s ability to absorb the gas could now be stretched to the limit. Recent research suggests that natural CO2"sinks", like peat bogs(泥炭沼) and forests, are actually starting to release CO2.
Deeper Cuts
Greenhouse effect has already become a global concern that requires all nations to involve in. At the Earth Summit in 1992, the world on the whole agreed to prevent "dangerous" climate change. The first step was the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which will now finally come into force during 2005. It will bring modest emission reductions from industrialized countries. But many observers say deeper cuts are needed in developing nations, which have large and growing populations, and increasing greenhouse emissions, will one day have to join in the move.
Some, including the US Bush administration, say the scientific uncertainty over the pace of climate change is grounds for delaying action. The US and Australia have reneged on Kyoto. But most scientists believe we are under-estimating the dangers.
In any case, according to the IPCC, the world needs to quickly improve the efficiency of its energy usage and develop renewable non-carbon fuels like .. wind, solar, tidal, wave and perhaps unclear power. It also means developing new methods of converting this clean energy into motive power, like hydrogen fuel cells for cars. And as a matter of fact, some industrial countries have already started to go this way and achieved fairly good results.
Other less conventional solutions include ideas to stave off warming by "mega-engineering" the planet with giant mirrors to deflect the sun’s rays, seeding the oceans with iron to generate alga blooms, or burying greenhouse gases below the sea.
Whatever the methods we use, the bottom line is that we will need to cut CO2 emissions by 70% to 80% simply to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations and thus temperatures. The quicker we do that, the less unbearably hot our future world will be.
The author holds the opinion that climate changes have started with the dawn of agriculture.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
B
解析
通读题干,可以看到题干是关于气候变化的原因。所以可以定位在第一个小标题下。在第一段中有"the changes may actually have started with the dawn of agriculture,say some scientists"。也就是说,这只是一些科学家的猜测,并非作者的观点。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/5aKK777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Themainconcernofthepassageiswith______.Accordingtotheauthor,there-modelingofcitiesshouldtakeintoaccountal
Revengeisoneofthosethingsthateveryoneenjoys.Peopledon’tliketotalkaboutit,though.Justthesame,thereisnothing
ThecurrentruraldepopulationinEuropeistheresultoflong-termemigrationandindustrialization.Thedemographicchangein
TheEnglish【B1】______settlementsinNorthAmericabeganinthe17thcenturywhenWesternEuropewas【B2】______greatchanges
"ThisIsYourBrainonMusic"Neuroscientist(神经系统科学家)DanielLevitin’swonderfulnewbookexplainswhymusicisacritical
Runningaleverwasoncethoughttobetheprerogativeofwarm-bloodedcreatures,whoseinternaltemperaturesareindependentof
Fromherwheelchair,achildraisesroundedarmsaboveherheadtoFormablossomingflower.Nearby,ablindboygentlywavesa
ManyChineseemployees,evenqualifiedgraduates,thinkrigidlyratherthancreativelyand______(不会去向权威挑战)oraskquestions.
DecodinghumanDNA,theinheritedblueprintforeachhumanlife,is______(21世纪科学面临的最大挑战之一).
随机试题
某公司原有一台设备,购置成本为30万元,预计使用10年,已经使用年限为5年,预计净残值率为10%,该公司用直线法计提折旧。现该公司拟购置一台新设备来替换原设备,新设备的购置成本40万元,使用年限为5年。用直线法计提折旧,净残值率为10%。使用旧设备时每年销
当两相国论河套,而西肆之为严嵩相国者曰李伶,东肆则马伶。坐客乃西顾而叹,或大呼命酒,或移坐更进之,首不复东。未几更进,则东肆不复能终曲。询其故,盖马伶耻出李伶下,已易衣遁矣。这里整体上是什么描写?采用了什么表现方法?
40岁颅脑术后病人,术后3天一直高热,神志不清,近一天尿量3000ml,术后一直用甘露醇治疗脑水肿,每日300g,BP16/10.7kPa(120/80mmHg),双肺呼吸音粗,右下肺少量湿啰音,HR100次/分,律齐,双腰骶部轻度凹陷性水肿
“十一五”期间,我国要完善税收制度,包括()。
披露上市基金前()名持有人信息有助于防范上市基金的价格操纵和市场欺诈等行为的发生。
根据法律和有关规定,税务机关可以依法实施()的行政处罚。
关于事业单位无形资产的处置,下列会计处理中错误的是()。
【2015.重庆云阳】班会一般有三类,即常规班会、生活班会和主题班会。()
以下不属于《刑法修正案(八)》的内容的是()。
Whatkindofexerciseburnsthemostcaloriesaccordingtothechart?
最新回复
(
0
)