A、Charles Darwin. B、Patrick Matthew. C、Alfred Russel Wallace. D、Matthew Wallace. B

M: Good morning, Natalie! Ready to begin today’s tutoring?
W: Oh, yes. I’m ready.
M: OK. Today we’re talking about evolution. Now the man most people think of when talking about evolution is of course Charles Darwin.
W: He was a bit of a genius, wasn’t he?
M: He was. Evolution means the way living things change and develop over millions of years. And a genius has great and unusual skills or abilities in a particular subject or area. Well, Charles Darwin was a clever man but I happen to know that another man actually came up with the same idea, but many years before he did!
W: What was his name?
M: Well, his name was Patrick Matthew. Now you can try to google on the Internet and find out some information about this clever clog—that’s someone who thinks they know everything.
W: OK, let me see. Mmm, here it is. He published a brief outline of the idea of species being able to change into other species through natural selection—this great, transformative idea that unites us all in a single tree of life. And he did that 27 years before Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace did so. And they recognized that he did so but other people since then have simplified the story and tended to concentrate just on Darwin.
M: So, Matthew believed that evolution happened by natural selection. And natural selection describes the way that plants and animals adapt to their environment, because some individuals survive and reproduce, and others don’t.
W: And adapting means the way our bodies or our behavior change to suit new conditions?
M: Yes, that’s right. OK, we’ll take a break and then continue to learn about evolution.
W: All right.
12. According to the man, who came up with the idea of evolution first?
13. What does the man ask the woman to do to get the information she needs?
14. What was Patrick Matthew’s theory?
15. What happened to plants and animals in the process of natural selection?