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  3. Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and yo

Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and yo

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问题     Writing Based on Reading and Listening
    Directions:
    For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen.
    Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question.
    Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content.
    You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.
    Write your response in the space provided.
    Reading
    You will have 3 minutes to read the passage.
    On clear nights, it is possible through careful observation to observe the folding of plant leaves. In the 1960s, with the rapid development of the study of plant physiology, scientists began to study these so-called sleep movements of plants and develop theories to explain why plant leaves fold at night. To sum these up, there are three good explanations for why plant leaves may fold at night.
    First, plants fold their leaves at night to protect themselves from cold weather. By folding their leaves at night, plants can reduce heat loss and water evaporation. After measuring the temperature of various plant leaves, scientists in the United States concluded that the temperature of leaves which fold is 1℃ higher than those of leaves which don’t fold.
    Second, in order to protect themselves from being infected by fungus, the plant leaves fold to avoid excessive moisture. The temperature difference between day and night makes it easy for leaves to get wet with dew. This creates a condition favorable for the growth of fungus, a threat to the health of plants. Folded leaves protect plants from this threat.
    Finally, plants protect themselves from too much moonlight at night by folding their leaves. Excessive moonlight may interfere with the normal light and dark cycle some plants need to stay healthy.
    Then you will hear:
    Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
    Lecture
   
    Question
    Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.
What we are talking about this week is an amazing natural phenomenon, namely plant sleep movements. "Plant sleep movements" refers to the fact that some plants fold their leaves at night. Surely plants’ sleep movements indicate their adaptation to the environment and are beneficial to plant growth. However, the reasons given in the reading to explain why plants fold their leaves at night are not very convincing.
    As for protecting plants from cold weather, folded leaves are not actually very helpful. When the temperature is moderate, plants do not even need any protection from the coldness. And when it is cold, some plants are still damaged even after folding their leaves. The slight increase in temperature is not enough to truly protect the plants from the cold.
    Second, even a little water could result in the plants’ infection by fungus. Folded leaves will still become wet because of the dew caused by the temperature difference between day and night. Therefore, saying that folding leaves at night prevents plants from getting fungal infections makes no sense at all, because there is still plenty of water on the leaves to leave them vulnerable to a fungal infection.
    Third, some plants don’t need to fold their leaves in order to avoid excessive light, yet they too fold their leaves. For example, tropical plants have no light cycle phenomenon, but they still fold their leaves. Therefore, the moonlight theory does not seem reasonable.
选项
答案 The reading asserts that there are three reasonable explanations for why plants fold their leaves at night. The professor then explains why he does not find these explanations reasonable. The first explanation the reading presents to explain the sleep behavior of plants at night is that folded leaves prevent heat loss from the leaves. The professor does not think this is a reasonable explanation because some plants in moderate climates also fold their leaves. Furthermore, folded leaves are often not enough to protect plants from damage from the cold. Therefore, the professor argues that protection from the cold is not a good explanation for why some plants’ leaves fold at night. The reading’s second explanation for why plants fold their leaves at night is to reduce risk of fungal infections. The professor, however, says that it is not reasonable to draw this conclusion, because folded leaves still get wet enough to make them vulnerable to a fungal infection. The reading’s final explanation as to why plants fold their leaves at night is that it protects them from overexposure to moonlight, which is harmful to the leaves’ health. The professor rebuts this by saying that there are many plants that do not need to fold their leaves at night to thrive but which still do so. Thus, the professor claims that all three reasons provided by the reading are lacking enough substance to be sufficiently convincing.
解析     面对植物在夜间会折起自己的叶子这一现象，阅读文章认为这是出于三点原因：减少热量损失、避免真菌感染和过多的月光照射。然而，听力文章却认为这三点原因都缺乏说服力，并不是植物在夜间折起叶子的真正原因。
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