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  3. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country’s blood supply. People give blood to the center

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country’s blood supply. People give blood to the center

admin2009-02-13  110
问题     The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country’s blood supply. People give blood to the centers, where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes. The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centers. The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply system. The new rules call for blood centers to develop more ways to make sure their work is done correctly. These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure. A leading concern is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood center. For this reason, there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other disease. Each year blood transfusion has saved millions of lives, however, if there is no secure blood, it’s increasingly risky for the recipient of blood to be infected with HIV.
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答案 美国食品与药品管理局正在采取措施保护美国的血液供应。人们向血液中心提供血液，供血贮存在血液中心，直到用于医疗目的。美国食品与药品管理局为血液中心制定了新的规则。政府机构称，新规则旨在改善血液供应系统。根据新规则，血液中心将采取更多办法，以确保其工作的顺利进行。这是有助于供血纯净的又一途径。最令人关注的是，艾滋病病毒携带者也可能向血液中心供血，因此，应该检验血液是否携带可能导致艾滋病或其他疾病的病毒。每年通过输血挽救了数百万人的生命，但如果血液安全没有保证，受血者感染艾滋病病毒的风险就会上升。
解析     (1)The US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)is taking steps to protect the country’s blood supply．此句为简单句。其中专有名词The US Food and Drug Administration(FDA)指美国食品与药品管理局。take steps to do sth．指采取措施。supply在文中作名词用时，有“储备；贮藏；量；供给；供应量；供应”等意。又如：
    a large supply of food大量的食物供给
    in short supply短缺
    The supply is inadequate to meet the demand．供不应求。
    (2)People give blood to the centers，where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes．此句是复合句，包含一个由where引导的非限制性定语从句，同时在定语从句中还嵌套了一个由until引导的状语从句。翻译时可考虑拆句，分别译为汉语的并列句：“人们向血液中心提供血液，供血贮存在血液中心，直到用于医疗目的。”
    give blood意为“献血”。give此处作“献出”解。
    (3)The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centers．其中动词短语provide…for表示“为……提供”。
    (4)The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply sys tern．此句中在says后是省略了that的宾语从句，可采用顺译法。在翻译are designed to时要注意与new rules搭配，最好译为“制定”而不要译为“设计”。blood supply为名词作定语修饰名词，可以直译为“血液供应”。
    (5)The new rules call for blood centers to develop more ways to make sure their work is done correctly．此句中有两个动词不定式，前者to develop more ways作blood centers的宾语补足语；后者to make sure作目的状语。动词短语call for有“要求；提倡；为……叫喊”之意，此处可理解为“要求”。
    另外，句中含有一个被动语态，如直译的话效果不好。试比较：
    直译：新规则要求血液中心采取更多办法，以确保工作被正确地做。
    因此可考虑根据需要译为主动语态：
    意译：根据新规则，血液中心将采取更多办法，以确保其工作的顺利进行。
    (6)These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure．此句中不定式to help keep the blood supply pure在句中作后置定语，翻译时要提到所修饰的名词之前。比较下面两种译文：
    直译：这些规则是帮助保持供血纯净的又一途径。
    意译：这些规则是有助于供血纯净的又一途径。
    (7)A leading concern is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood center．此句中现在分词短语leading concern作“主要的忧虑”解。concern作名词用时，表示“关心，关注”等。介词结构with AIDS virus在句中后胃作someone的定语。可译为“携带艾滋病病毒的人”或称为“艾滋病病毒携带者”。
    (8)For this reason，there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other disease．此句中包含一个由that引导的定语从句修饰名词viruses；一个由if引导的宾语从句，还有一个不定式短语作后置定语修饰名词tests。
    短语For this reason意为“因而；因此；由此”。
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