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  3. How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for

How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for

admin2023-01-31  9
问题     How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for thousands of years, and recently, it’s becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the differences between people’s rates of aging lie in the complex interactions among genes, social relationships, environments and lifestyles. Even though you were born with a particular set of genes, the way you live can influence how they express themselves. Some lifestyle factors may even turn genes on or shut them off.
    Deep within the genetic heart of all our cells are telomeres, or repeating segments of noncoding DNA that live at the ends of the chromosomes (染色体). They form caps at the ends of the chromosomes and keep the genetic material together. Shortening with each cell division, they help determine how fast a cell ages. When they become too short, the cell stops dividing altogether. This isn’t the only reason a cell can age—there are other stresses on cells we don’t yet understand very well—but short telomeres are one of the major reasons human cells grow old. We’ve devoted most of our careers to studying telomeres, and one extraordinary discovery from our labs is that telomeres can actually lengthen.
    Scientists have learned that several thought patterns appear to be unhealthy for telomeres, and one of them is cynical hostility. Cynical hostility is defined by high anger and frequent thoughts that other people cannot be trusted. Someone with hostility doesn’t just think, "I hate to stand in long lines"; they think, "Others deliberately sped up and beat me to my rightful position in the line!"—and then get violently agitated. People who score high on measures of cynical hostility tend to get more heart disease, metabolic disease and often die at younger ages. They also have shorter telomeres. In a study of British civil servants, men who scored high on measures of cynical hostility had shorter telomeres than men whose hostility scores were low. The most hostile men were 30％ more likely to have short telomeres.
    What this means: aging is a dynamic process that could possibly be accelerated or slowed—and, in some aspects, even reversed. To an extent, it has surprised us and the rest of the scientific community that telomeres do not simply carry out the commands issued by your genetic code. Your telomeres are listening to you. The foods you eat, your response to challenges, the amount of exercise you get, and many other factors appear to influence your telomeres and can prevent premature aging at the cellular level. One of the keys to enjoying good health is simply doing your part to foster healthy cell renewal.
What have scientists learned about cynical hostility?
选项 A、It may lead to confrontational thought patterns.
B、It may produce an adverse effect on telomeres.
C、It may cause people to lose their temper frequently.
D、It may stir up agitation among those in long lines.
答案B
解析 根据题干中的scientists和cynical hostility定位到第3段第1句。题目询问科学家了解到关于愤世嫉俗的敌意的什么信息。第3段第1句指出，有几种思维模式似乎对端粒而言是不健康的，其中之一就是愤世嫉俗的敌意。第3段之后的内容也提到，敌意更高的人，端粒更短。由此可见，愤世嫉俗的敌意可能对端粒产生不利影响，故选B项。A项“它可能会产生对抗性的思维模式”、C项“它可能会导致人们经常发脾气”、D项“它可能会在排长队的人群中引起骚动”都是利用该段对“愤世嫉俗的敌意”这一概念的解释内容所设置的干扰，但都不属于科学家从研究中了解到的信息，故排除。
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