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  3. People tend to have one of three beliefs about the meaning of work and which category you fall into largely depends on your pare

People tend to have one of three beliefs about the meaning of work and which category you fall into largely depends on your pare

admin2022-09-23  12
问题     People tend to have one of three beliefs about the meaning of work and which category you fall into largely depends on your parents, according to new research from the University of Michigan. Workers who are job-oriented are those just trying to make a living who much prefer the activities they pursue outside of the office. Career-oriented adults—your typical "workaholic"—value the social status and prestige (声望) that comes with professional achievement, and derive much of their identity from their jobs. Calling-oriented people do work that they are passionate about because they want to have a positive impact on the world.
    In the first empirical (以实验为依据的) study into how these orientations originate, researchers found that how adolescents (青少年) perceive their parents’ work ethic is central to the development of their own work attitudes.
    It’s not a straightforward transfer of values. People who perceive their father to have a strong career-orientation are more likely to be career-oriented themselves—but career-determined mothers have no effect on their kids’ work orientation. The researchers attributed this to generational gender norms. When the study’s participants were teenagers, mostly in the 1980s, men were more commonly employed outside of the home and were more likely than women to hold "career" jobs with opportunity for advancement.
    Mothers do have a notable effect on whether children have a job-orientation mentality. Adolescents who are close to their mothers are less likely to view work as just a job when they grow up, probably because they’ve been raised to value social, rather than instrumental, life experiences.
    Having both parents display the same work ethic has an amplified (增强的) influence, but only in the case of calling-oriented offspring (子女). As our capitalist society favors money and professional achievement, a child with two calling-oriented parents is more likely to have the confidence to ignore these societal pressures and pursue her dreams.
    Children can affect their parents’ work ethic, too. Allowing people to bring their children into the office has been shown to boost efficiency and productivity—and could help raise that next generation of career-oriented workers.
Why do career-oriented fathers have more influence than career-determined mothers on children’s work attitude?
选项 A、Because fathers have more authority than mothers in a family.
B、Because children spent more time with fathers when they were teenagers.
C、Because most of the participants’ fathers were more likely to have career jobs than their mothers.
D、Because children perceive their fathers’ work attitude more strongly than their mothers’.
答案C
解析 推理判断题。定位段提到，事业导向型的父亲比事业导向型的母亲对孩子工作态度的影响更大，原因在于两代之间的性别准则。具体来讲，研究的参与者处于青少年时期时，大多是在20世纪80年代，男性在外工作的情况比女性更加普遍，也更有可能获得有晋升机会的“事业型”工作。C)“因为大多数参与者的父亲比母亲更有可能拥有事业型工作”符合原文描述，因此为答案。
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