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  3. Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other,

Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other,

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问题     Immigration poses two main challenges for the rich world’s governments. One is how to manage the inflow of migrants; the other, how to integrate those who are already there.
    Whom, for example, to allow in? Already, many governments have realized that the market for top talent is global and competitive. Led by Canada and Australia, they are redesigning migration policies not just to admit, but actively to attract highly skilled immigrants. Germany, for instance, tentatively introduced a green card of its own several years ago for information-technology staff.
    Whereas the case for attracting the highly skilled is fast becoming conventional wisdom, a thornier issue is what to do about the unskilled. Because the difference in earnings is greatest in this sector, migration of the unskilled delivers the largest global economic gains. Moreover, wealthy, well-educated, ageing economies create lots of jobs for which their own workers have little appetite.
    So immigrants tend to cluster at the upper and lower ends of the skill spectrum. Immigrants either have university degrees or no high-school education. Mr. Smith’s survey makes the point: Among immigrants to America, the proportion with a postgraduate education, at 21%, is almost three times as high as in the native population; equally, the proportion with less than nine years of schooling, at 20%, is more than three times as high as that of the native-born.
    All this means that some immigrants do far better than others. The unskilled are the problem. Research by George Borjas, a Harvard University professor whose parents were unskilled Cuban immigrants, has drawn attention to the fact that the unskilled account for a growing proportion of America’s foreign-born. Newcomers without high-school education not only drag down the wages of the poorest Americans; their children are also disproportionately likely to fail at school.
    These youngsters are there to stay. "The toothpaste is out of the tube," says Mark Krikorian, executive director of the Centre for Immigration Studies. And their numbers will grow. Because the rich world’s women spurn motherhood, immigrants give birth to many of the rich world’s babies. Foreign mothers account for one birth in five in Switzerland and one in eight in Germany and Britain. If these children grow up underprivileged and undereducated, they will create a new underclass that may take many years to emerge from poverty.
    For Europe, immigration creates particular problems. Europe needs it even more than the United States because the continent is ageing faster than any other region. Immigration is not a permanent cure(immigrants grow old too), but it will buy time. And migration can "grease the wheels" of Europe’s sclerotic labour markets, argues Tito Boeri in a report published in July. However, thanks to the generosity of Europe’s welfare states, migration is also a sort of tax on immobile labour. And the more immobile Europeans are—the older, the less educated—the more xenophobic they are too.
From the last paragraph we learn that
选项 A、immigration may slow down the ageing of Europe’s population.
B、immigration may lead to instability of the European labor market.
C、Europe is more generous to immigrants than the United States.
D、Europeans will become more xenophobic as more immigrants come in.
答案A
解析 从最后一段我们得知，[A]移民可能会延缓欧洲人口的老龄化。[B]移民可能会导致欧洲劳动力市场的不稳定。[C]在对待移民的问题上，欧洲比美国更加慷慨。[D]随着更多移民的迁入，欧洲人会更加恐惧外国人。根据最后一段，将每个选项的内容与原文中的具体信息相对照，就可得出正确答案。[A]符合原文中所说的移民虽然不是一个永久解决问题的方法(移民也会变老)，但是这将能争取更多时间，故是正确答案。原文中说移民能够润滑硬化的欧洲劳动力市场的车轮，并不意味着移民导致劳动力市场的不稳定，所以[B]不对；[C]中的比较在原文中没有；[D]与最后一句话的意思有出入。
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