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  3. When someone smiles at you, you might smile back, sometimes without even realizing it. It turns out that not just our smiles,

When someone smiles at you, you might smile back, sometimes without even realizing it. It turns out that not just our smiles,

admin2017-12-07  55
问题    When someone smiles at you, you might smile back, sometimes without even realizing it.
   It turns out that not just our smiles, but all of our facial expressions could be contagious, according to a paper recently published in the journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
   "We tend to mimic (模仿) the smiles or frowns of others because it helps us better understand what other people are feeling, allowing us to respond accordingly," explained Adrienne Wood, PhD, of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the lead author of the paper.
   In order to find out how exactly we mimic others’ facial expressions in daily life, researchers reviewed more than 120 studies. They found that the "sensory motor simulation model" in the brain might be the cause of the mimicry.
   The model shows that when people see a certain expression, be it happy or sad, they instantly "try it out". In doing so, their brains find the previous memories of the same facial expressions being made and remind them of their feelings then. In this way, they can act in the proper way to others according to their own emotional reaction. But Wood noted that this process happens "below your awareness" and "within a few hundred milliseconds."
   Sometimes the brain recreates the expression without the facial muscles actually making it. For example, rather than giving a full smile, sometimes we only turn up the comers of our months. Despite this, our understanding of others’ emotions isn’ t being reduced.
   Figuring out others’ emotions by facial mimicry is one of our social tasks. But it’s not easy for everyone. According to the paper, people with certain motor diseases, like strokes or facial paralysis (面瘫), can have difficulty sharing other people’s emotions. The door to people’s feelings has been partially closed.
   "Facial mimicry certainly plays some role, and perhaps a key role, in understanding other people’s emotional states," said Kevin Ochsner, PhD, a neurologist (神经学家) from Columbia University. However, he also noted that facial expressions may sometimes not give clear clues, so facial mimicry may not be enough to fully understand the emotional state of a person in every condition.
What does the underlined word "it" in the 6th paragraph refer to?
选项 A、A full smile.
B、The model.
C、The brain.
D、The expression.
答案D
解析 指代题。由题干定位至第六段第一句话“Sometimes the brain recreates the expression without the facial muscles actually making it．”。很明显it指代的是前面的the expression，意思是虽然有的时候面都肌肉并没有做出表情，但大脑也会使表情再现。故选D。
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