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  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

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问题     Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______ burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______ retirement could help.
    Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】______ one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______ reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】______ of those in work for their income. The【C6】______ is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】______ life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】______ size. Public pension payments, which afford 30% ~ 80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】______ to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】______ is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】______ for.
    Action is needed,【C12】______ simply aiming to reduce the【C13】______ (and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C14】______ the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】______ to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】______ early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】______ and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】______ persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______ and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______ rate should rise anew.
【C20】
选项 A、dependency
B、fertility
C、present
D、mortality
答案C
解析 上下文语义及名词词义辨析。填入的名词与rate搭配。空格所在部分是上文if条件句的结果。该句意为：他们是这么想的，如果现在我们更加健康了，工作对体力的要求降低了，失业率也降低了，那么……率也许该重新上升了。整个句子所得出的结论应与前一句一致。前一句说人们应该晚退休，那么这样……率会上升呢?从备选项看只有present rate“出席率”符合文意，即工作的人的比例会上升。注意该部分是在讲怎样降低dependency rate“依赖率”，所以它不可能上升，fertility rate“出生率”和mortality rate“死亡率”与本句前半部分没有因果关系。
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