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  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a

Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a

admin2012-02-02  63
问题     Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply. "
    Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). "Your memory itself isn’t failing you," says Schacter. "Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. "
    Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. " Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
    Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
    Another common episode of absent-mindedness; walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember. (295 words)
What do we learn from the last paragraph?
选项 A、If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
B、Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
C、Repetition helps improve our memory.
D、If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.
答案B
解析 本题属于主旨题。最后一段话只是一个简单现象的描述，但这句话至关重要：“The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room，and you’ll likely remember．”(最好是回到你进房间以前所在的地方，然后你很可能记起来。)这句话提醒我们：是以前的环境提醒了人们。而从第三段段尾，我们可知：记忆依赖事物发生的环境。因此，我们可以得知，四个备选答案中，只有B的说法是对的。
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