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  3. The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Mu

The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Mu

admin2022-11-05  66
问题     The business practices of America will have you in the office from nine in the morning to five in the evening, if not longer. Much of the world, though, prefers to take a nap. And research presented to the AAAS (American Academy of Arts and Sciences) meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so. Matthew Walker and his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that they probably have better memory, too. A post-meal snooze, Dr Walker has discovered, sets the brain up for learning.
    The role of sleep in consolidating memories that have already been created has been understood for some time. Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleep’s role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place. He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic memory, which relates to specific events, places and times. This contrasts with procedural memory, of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task, such as driving. The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates with increasing wakefulness, and that sleep thus restores the brain’s capacity for efficient learning.
    They asked a group of 39 people to take part in two learning sessions, one at noon and one at 6pm. On each occasion the participants tried to memorize and recall 100 combinations of pictures and names. After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group, which remained awake, or a nap group, which had 100 minutes of monitored sleep. Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning. Those who napped, by contrast, actually improved their capacity to learn, doing better in the evening than they had at noon. These findings suggest that sleep is clearing the brain’s short-term memory and making way for new information.
    The benefits to memory of a nap, says Dr Walker, are so great that they can equal an entire night’s sleep. He warns, however, that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep. Moreover, not everyone awakens refreshed from a nap. The dazedness that results from an unrefreshing nap is termed "sleep inertia". Sara Mednick, from the University of California, San Diego, suggests that non-habitual nappers suffer from this more often than those who snooze regularly. It may be that those who have a tendency to wake up dazed are choosing not to nap in the first place. Perhaps, though, as in so many things, it is practice that makes perfect.
According to Paragraph 3, participants ________.
选项 A、were divided into two groups at the first session
B、who remained awake were bad at memorizing pictures and names
C、in a nap or control group were deliberately chosen
D、who napped performed better in the second session than the first
答案D
解析 由题干可直接定位到第三段。该段第五句说，午睡过的人学习能力实际上提高了，晚上的表现比中午好，可见分组后午睡小组的人在第二场研讨会(下午6点)中比在第一场研讨会(中午)表现得更好，所以D项正确。该段第三句说，第一场研讨会后参与者被随机分派到两个小组，可见分组是after the first session “第一场研讨会后”的事，所以A项at the first session“在第一场研讨会”错误。根据第四五句，一整天不睡的人学习能力变差，而有午睡的人学习能力实际上提高了，但学习能力变差并不意味着本身在这方面的能力不行(只是与自己在第一场研讨会的表现相比变差了)，所以B项错误。根据第三句的assigned randomly“随机分配”，可知C项中的deliberately chosen“刻意挑选”与原文说法相反，故C项也错误。
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