首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Interaction of Body and Mind The concept of psychosomatic illness Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosom
The Interaction of Body and Mind The concept of psychosomatic illness Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosom
admin
2013-06-03
56
问题
The Interaction of Body and Mind
The concept of psychosomatic illness
Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosomatic illness is the occurrence of bodily symptoms(症状) which are psychological or emotional in origin.
Mind and body are not separate; one affects and is affected by the other. Who has not experienced some physical manifestation of emotional stress? Such experiences as a headache after a quarrel and urinary frequency or diarrhea before an examination are not uncommon, and for most people they are of a temporary nature. The symptoms disappear and are forgotten after the crisis has passed. No treatment may be needed, or the patient may use simple remedies to relieve the discomfort. One person may find that a leisurely walk is the best cure for a headache; another may take aspirin.
Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness: pepticulcer, eczema, colitis, and asthma. Personality profiles have been developed to describe the typical characteristics of persons who develop such illness. Another point of view is that human beings are more complex and varied in their responses than such profiles would indicate, and that the type of illness a patient develops in relation to stress varies with many additional factors, such as heredity and environment. Much remains to be learned about the relationship between stress and physical illness.
Physical symptoms, such as palpitation, sweating, or disturbance of sleep, which reflect anxiety, may occur over a prolonged period. The symptoms may seem mysterious and threatening, because the patient is unaware of their cause. The patient whose heart beats more rapidly and forcefully as a manifestation of anxiety may report this symptom to his doctor, believing that something is wrong with his heart. Often the patient is not aware that he is anxious. He knows only that his heart keeps pounding for no apparent reason.
Almost any symptom can have its origin in emotional stress. Some patients almost invariably have the same stress when they become anxious. One may have diarrhea, another asthma, and a third may develop hives or eczema. Some people develop two or several different symptoms; often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion.
The development of bodily symptoms is only one manifestation of anxiety. It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental, such as the inability to concentrate or to remember. Such symptom too, vary in degree. Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression. When such symptoms are severe or long- lasting, they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others.
Sometimes a person subconsciously develops an illness as a way of handling a desperate need, such as the need for affection. The only real cure is to satisfy the primary desire. An example is a woman who has pain in her heart, not because of organic heart disease, but because the symptom is a way of gaining, if only temporarily, the love and attention for which she longs. Her husband cannot leave her when she is so sick; her children are concerned. Her pain is just as severe as if it had a physical cause.
The reality of psychosomatic illness
Is the patient with psychosomatic illness really sick, or does he merely imagine he is sick? Many people, including the families of patients and members of the health professions, believe that physical illness which is influenced by emotional stress is less real, or wholly imaginary. Acknowledging the reality of the patients’ illness is important; it is the first step in helping him.
Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected. The same staff who give excellent care to other patients, not uncommonly ignore them. Some possible reasons may include the use of the term psycho as a prefix. Perhaps this conveys the idea that such patients are mentally iii, and therefore have no physical illness. Perhaps they are considered weaklings. One hears comments like, "He could snap out(克服) of it if he wanted to." Prejudice against these patients may be due to a belief that they are pretending illness in an attempt to get attention or favors.
A patient with psychosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer, one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain, such as financial compensation or excuse from work. Pretending illness is considered an unhealthy and unsatisfactory solution to the problems of life. Often it adds to the patient’s difficulties, as he makes elaborate attempts to avoid detection. A malingerer can be helped sometimes to find ways of coping with difficulties. The essential difference between psychosomatic illness and malingering is that the malingerer pretends symptoms. It is a conscious process and he is aware that he is pretending to be sick. The patient with psychosomatic illness develops symptoms as manifestation of largely unconscious psychic conflicts. The symptoms are real.
Condemnation(责难) of the patient with psychosomatic illness can persist despite intellectual understanding of theories about its cause. The patient can sense immediately whether those who care for him are trying to help him or not. It is important to understand that:
The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick. He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms.
The idea that he can "snap out of it" at will is no more true than it is of those with diseases like pneumonia, whose need for care is readily acknowledged.
Psychosomatic symptoms may be primarily mental, such as the inability ______.
选项
答案
to concentrate or to remember
解析
由题干中的关键词symptoms,primarily mental,inabilities定位到第一个小标题下面倒数第二段第二句:It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental,such as the inability to concentrate or to remember,由此得出答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/7BM7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.Theatmosphe
A、Theirappointmentisnotuntiltomorrow.B、Theprofessoriswaitingfortheircall.C、Theyshouldcalltheprofessorafterthe
Languagebarrierspresentavarietyofchallengesforchildrenofanyage.InHoustonalone,bilingualeducationprogramshaveh
Likemanyhighschoolheads,MikeWarbelhadaplanreadywhenthebadnewscame.Itproveduseful,yet【C1】______madehimfeela
Memoryisourmostimportantpossession.Withoutmemory,youwouldn’tknowwhoyouare.Youcouldn’tthinkaboutthepastorpla
Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.【C1】______,illnessoraccidentsmayoccurwithoutany【C2】______.Frequentlythepersonw
Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.【C1】______,illnessoraccidentsmayoccurwithoutany【C2】______.Frequentlythepersonw
A、TheTowerofLondon.B、TheTowerBridgeinLondon.C、TheThames.D、Thetallandoldwarehouses.B主旨题。本文介绍伦敦塔桥的故事。通过浏览选项可知,本题考
A、Familynamefirst,givennamelast.B、Givennamefirst,familynamelast.C、Middlenamefirst,familynamelast.D、Givenname
随机试题
导致肾盂肾炎常见的致病菌为
男者,45岁,近两个月出现肝区疼痛,乏力,消瘦明显,消化不良,腹胀,食欲减退,无黄疸,查体:肝于右肋下可触及3.0cm,移动性浊音(-),诊断为肝癌对诊断有重要意义的实验室检查是
对既往有高热惊厥史的患儿,下列预防高热惊厥发作的护理措施中正确的是()
(2007年)根据香港、澳门特别行政区基本法的规定,下列哪一选项是正确的?()
采用慢速维持荷载法对某直径为1.2m、桩长为20m的桥梁桩基进行竖向静载试验,已知桥位处地基土为坚硬黏质土,请回答以下问题。关于沉降观测仪器的叙述,正确的有()。
某桥梁工程施工前,施工单位了解工程地点的地形、工程地质、水文地质和水文条件,掌握了地基土壤种类及其物理学性质、各层土的厚度及标志、周围地区地下水位和地面排水情况,并办理了设计提供的控制桩的交接手续。施工单位为了做好桥梁工程前期质量控制,编制了
根据新《商检法》规定,当事人对商检机构作出的行政处罚决定不服的,必须先申请行政复议,对行政复议不服的才能向人民法院提起诉讼。( )
下列关于无代价抵偿货物的税、证管理规定的论述,错误的是()。
张某、李某、王某共同出资设立某普通合伙企业。后来张某死亡,继承人只有小张。合伙协议对合伙人资格取得或者丧失未作约定。根据《合伙企业法》的规定,下列表述中,正确的是()。
=_________.
最新回复
(
0
)