首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 150 words. F
Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 150 words. F
admin
2014-02-22
54
问题
Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 150 words.
Fishing and Rights
Acidification, warming, the destruction of coral reefs: the biggest problems facing the sea are as vast, deep and seemingly intractable as the oceans themselves. So long as the world fails to cut its emissions of greenhouse gases, cause of the global warming behind these troubles, they will grow. By comparison, overfishing, another great cause, should be easier to put right, especially in the coastal waters where most fishing occurs. And yet it goes on, year after year.
Fishermen have every reason to do something. Many fisheries are hurtling towards collapse; stocks of large fish have been reduced by up to 90% . When stocks are overfished, they yield a smaller catch. The cost of mismanagement, in lost economic output, is huge: some $ 50 billion a year, according to the World Bank.
One reason why the pillage continues is that knowledge of fish stocks is poor, especially in developing countries. A new statistical attempt at estimating the remaining shoals, from University of California, Santa Barbara, is therefore welcome — even if that is not true of its findings that stocks are even more ravaged than previously thought. The study found that better understood fisheries are likelier to be healthy. Another reason for overfishing is new technology(developed, aptly enough, for battlefields), which makes shoals easier to detect. As large boats and refrigeration have spread, fishing fleets have covered greater distances and hovered up larger catches. Because technology lets fishermen fish with less effort, it disguises just how fast the stocks are depleting.
Fishermen generally understand the risks of overfishing. Yet still they flout quotas, where they exist. That is often because they take a short-term view of the asset — they would rather cash in now and invest the money in something else. And it is invariably compounded by a commons-despoiling feeing that if they don’t plunder, others will.
In most fisheries, the fishermen would make more money by husbanding their resource, and it should be possible to incentivize them to do so. The best way is to give them a defined, long-term right to a share of the fish. In regulated industrial fisheries, as in Iceland, New Zealand and America, this has taken the form of a tradable, individual share of a fishing quota. Developing countries, where law enforcement is weak, seem to do better when a group right over an expanse of water is given to a cooperative or village fleet. The principle is the same: fishermen who feel like owners are more likely to behave as responsible stewards. The new statistical study confirms that rights-based fisheries are generally healthier.
Yet only a few hundred of the ocean’s thousands of fisheries are run this way, mainly because such schemes are hard to get right. Limiting access to a common resource creates losers, and therefore discord. Cultural differences affect success rates; not everyone is as law-abiding as Icelanders. Almost everywhere it takes time to convince fishermen, the last hunter-gatherers, to change their habits. But, barnacled by caveats though it may be, the rights-based approach is the best available.
In rich countries, satellite imagery will increasingly help, by making monitoring cheaper and better. In many poor ones, devolution is making it easier to form local organizations. Another promising idea is to incorporate rights-based fisheries with no-catch zones. These safeguard breeding-stocks and are easier to monitor than individual catches. Where stocks are recovering, as a result of these reforms, fishermen are likelier to see scientifically determined quotas as in their self-interest. In the end, that may be the only hope.
选项
答案
In this essay "Fishing and Rights" , the author thinks that global warming causes acidification, warming, and the destruction of coral reefs. However, overfishing is another great cause, and should be easier to put right. The overfishing of fishermen has leaded the stocks of large fish to reduce largely. The main reason why the pillage continues is that knowledge of fish stocks is poor, especially in developing countries. Fishermen generally understand the risks of overfishing, they flout quotas. Moreover, the fishermen in most fisheries would make more money by husbanding their resource. Only a few hundred of the ocean’s thousands of fisheries are run this way, and barnacled by caveats though it may be, the rights-based approach is the best available. Interestingly, the incorporation of the rights-based fisheries with no-catch zones may be the only hope.
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/7TQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor【C1】______toconsidertherole
Asthetwentiethcenturybegan,theimportanceofformaleducationintheUnitedStatesincreased.Thefrontierhadmostlydisap
Thelastdecadehasseenatremendousexpansionofscientificknowledgeinhumangenetics.Ourunderstandingofhumangenesand
ThebearisaclassicandenduringAmericansymbolforthebenevolentwild.Wetendtothinkwellofbears,viewingthemaslarg
AleadingBritishscholarhasproposedtranslatingShakespeareintocontemporaryEnglish______youngaudiencewhoareconfused
19世纪末,中国开始举办师范教育。1949年中华人民共和国成立之后,在各级政府的关心和支持下,中国师范教育进入了前所未有的发展阶段。在科学技术迅猛发展的今天,振兴经济的希望在教育,教师队伍的数量和质量对教育发展具有决定性的影响。在中国这样一个拥有世界教师总
1999年,中国开始进入老龄化社会。2004年底,60岁以上的人口达到1.43亿,占全国人口总数的10.97%。至此,中国成为世界上拥有最多老龄人口的国家。有专家说1990年底至2003年是中国的“人口红利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下
随着中世纪结构的崩溃和现代生产方式的兴起,劳动的意义和作用发生了根本性的变化,这在新教国家表现得尤为突出。因为人对刚刚获得的自由感到不知所措,心里老是想着如何以一种狂热的活动来消除自己的疑虑和恐惧。这种活动无论成功或是失败都将决定他的灵魂能否获救,表明他是
随机试题
按《中国药典》,以干燥鳞茎作为川贝母入药的原植物有
在表面粗糙度诸多评定参数中,哪个最常用?
患者男性,65岁,因腹胀入院,开腹手术后病理提示非霍奇金淋巴瘤,下列方案除哪项外均是治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤
磷酸吡哆醛作为辅酶参与的反应是
男性,60岁,头痛伴喷射性呕吐1小时,曾有高血压史多年。体检:BP180/120nnnHg,两侧瞳孔等大等圆,颈软,左上下肢肌力1级,布氏征、克氏征均(-)。最可能的诊断是
下列药物与避孕药同时服用,不会导致避孕失败的是
某建设工程建设过程中,办理安全许可证属于()的责任。
根据《水法》规定,当流域范围内的流域规划与区域规划相矛盾时,两者之间的关系应当是()。
已知某企业生产铜丝,其直径X~N(32.5,1.12),现从该企业生产的一批铜丝中随机抽取6个样品,测得直径均值假定现在生产的铜丝的标准差未变。检验方法采用的是()。
古代法典中相当于现代刑法总则的称呼各不相同,下列不属于当时刑法典总则的篇目是()。
最新回复
(
0
)