首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 150 words. F
Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 150 words. F
admin
2014-02-22
48
问题
Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 150 words.
Fishing and Rights
Acidification, warming, the destruction of coral reefs: the biggest problems facing the sea are as vast, deep and seemingly intractable as the oceans themselves. So long as the world fails to cut its emissions of greenhouse gases, cause of the global warming behind these troubles, they will grow. By comparison, overfishing, another great cause, should be easier to put right, especially in the coastal waters where most fishing occurs. And yet it goes on, year after year.
Fishermen have every reason to do something. Many fisheries are hurtling towards collapse; stocks of large fish have been reduced by up to 90% . When stocks are overfished, they yield a smaller catch. The cost of mismanagement, in lost economic output, is huge: some $ 50 billion a year, according to the World Bank.
One reason why the pillage continues is that knowledge of fish stocks is poor, especially in developing countries. A new statistical attempt at estimating the remaining shoals, from University of California, Santa Barbara, is therefore welcome — even if that is not true of its findings that stocks are even more ravaged than previously thought. The study found that better understood fisheries are likelier to be healthy. Another reason for overfishing is new technology(developed, aptly enough, for battlefields), which makes shoals easier to detect. As large boats and refrigeration have spread, fishing fleets have covered greater distances and hovered up larger catches. Because technology lets fishermen fish with less effort, it disguises just how fast the stocks are depleting.
Fishermen generally understand the risks of overfishing. Yet still they flout quotas, where they exist. That is often because they take a short-term view of the asset — they would rather cash in now and invest the money in something else. And it is invariably compounded by a commons-despoiling feeing that if they don’t plunder, others will.
In most fisheries, the fishermen would make more money by husbanding their resource, and it should be possible to incentivize them to do so. The best way is to give them a defined, long-term right to a share of the fish. In regulated industrial fisheries, as in Iceland, New Zealand and America, this has taken the form of a tradable, individual share of a fishing quota. Developing countries, where law enforcement is weak, seem to do better when a group right over an expanse of water is given to a cooperative or village fleet. The principle is the same: fishermen who feel like owners are more likely to behave as responsible stewards. The new statistical study confirms that rights-based fisheries are generally healthier.
Yet only a few hundred of the ocean’s thousands of fisheries are run this way, mainly because such schemes are hard to get right. Limiting access to a common resource creates losers, and therefore discord. Cultural differences affect success rates; not everyone is as law-abiding as Icelanders. Almost everywhere it takes time to convince fishermen, the last hunter-gatherers, to change their habits. But, barnacled by caveats though it may be, the rights-based approach is the best available.
In rich countries, satellite imagery will increasingly help, by making monitoring cheaper and better. In many poor ones, devolution is making it easier to form local organizations. Another promising idea is to incorporate rights-based fisheries with no-catch zones. These safeguard breeding-stocks and are easier to monitor than individual catches. Where stocks are recovering, as a result of these reforms, fishermen are likelier to see scientifically determined quotas as in their self-interest. In the end, that may be the only hope.
选项
答案
In this essay "Fishing and Rights" , the author thinks that global warming causes acidification, warming, and the destruction of coral reefs. However, overfishing is another great cause, and should be easier to put right. The overfishing of fishermen has leaded the stocks of large fish to reduce largely. The main reason why the pillage continues is that knowledge of fish stocks is poor, especially in developing countries. Fishermen generally understand the risks of overfishing, they flout quotas. Moreover, the fishermen in most fisheries would make more money by husbanding their resource. Only a few hundred of the ocean’s thousands of fisheries are run this way, and barnacled by caveats though it may be, the rights-based approach is the best available. Interestingly, the incorporation of the rights-based fisheries with no-catch zones may be the only hope.
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/7TQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant________ofAmericanlife.
Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor【C1】______toconsidertherole
Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor【C1】______toconsidertherole
WhowontheWorldCup2004footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?【61】aneven
WhowontheWorldCup2004footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?【61】aneven
InEngland,alongastretchofthenorth-eastcoastwhichgentlycurvesfromNorthumberlandtothemouthoftheriverTees,ther
InEngland,alongastretchofthenorth-eastcoastwhichgentlycurvesfromNorthumberlandtothemouthoftheriverTees,ther
随机试题
1000kg对硝基氯苯(ClC6H4NO2)用含20%游离SO3的发烟硫酸磺化,规定反应终点时,废酸中含游离7%SO3(假定反应转化率为100%)。反应式如下:ClC6H4NO2+SO3→ClC6H3(SO3H)NO2试计算:对硝基氯苯磺酸生成量?
A.肺炎B.脑膜脑炎C.心肌炎D.急性肾炎E.关节炎流行性腮腺炎最常见的并发症是
A.肼屈嗪 B.呋塞米 C.卡托普利 D.普萘洛尔 E.硝普钠可抑制肾素分泌的药物是
A.皂角、白芥子B.地龙、丝瓜络C.石菖蒲、远志D.龙胆草、夏枯草E.僵蚕、全蝎颤证患者肢体颤动不止,应加用
某高级宾馆,地上建筑层数为22层,裙房部分为4层,裙房和建筑主体之间设有防火墙完全分隔,裙房部分的防火分区宜按()建筑的要求确定。
下列选项中,属于合同中免责条款无效的情形是()。
【2012广州NO.16】《曹全碑》是东汉邰阳县令曹全的纪功碑,明代万历时在陕西邰阳县莘里庄出土,今存西安碑林。《曹全碑》书法秀雅,是汉碑的典范;碑文涉及疏勒叛乱、黄巾起义、党锢之祸。尤其可补史志之缺。这些情况,明清以来的金石学家讨论已详,稍可补充的,是碑
人的需要按起源可分为()。
20世纪50年代中期,社会主义改造基本完成.标志着()(2009年多选)
HowtoapproachSpeakingTestPartOne•Inthispartofthetestyouanswerquestionsaboutyourselfandexpresspersonalopinio
最新回复
(
0
)