2. 考研
  3. 【F1】For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The l

【F1】For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The l

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问题 【F1】For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina.
【F2】Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs’ motive: "Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well", says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations.
Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid.【F3】And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them."Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways," says a forum member.
One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule.【F4】The idea is for public universities—which educate three-quarters of all U.S. undergraduates—to admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class.【F5】Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn’ t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.
【F1】
选项
答案二十多年来，美国法院一直在限制大学及其他领域里肯定性行动法案的实施。
解析     本文介绍了美国法院对平等权利法案实施的限制以及社会相关方面在应对这种情况时所做出的努力。第一段：介绍了美国法院对大学中平等权利法案实施的限制及其带来的不利影响。第二段：指出多家公司与大学组成了反对这种限制的论坛及其原因。第三段：介绍论坛推行的具体策略。第四段：介绍论坛主张在公立大学中实施的10％规则的内容及其意义。
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