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  3. Traditionally economics was dubbed the "dismal science" in response to the notion that scarcity is its foundation, and it

Traditionally economics was dubbed the "dismal science" in response to the notion that scarcity is its foundation, and it

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问题            Traditionally economics was dubbed the "dismal science" in response to the
       notion that scarcity is its foundation, and it constantly unsettles people with its
       emphasis on the role that self-interest plays. It is difficult to raise a crop of
Line    idealism from fields of self-interest, and to some, this is a dismal outcome.
(5)     However, there is an optimistic side to economics: economists focus on market
       exchange, where both buyer and seller emerge with greater wealth than they
       were before, a positive-sum outcome.  In contrast, many social scientists
       outside of economics make heavy use of power models to interpret the world,
       arguably a far more pessimistic way to view reality and power models tend to
(10)    see interactions as zero-sum, meaning that any winning is balanced by a loss:
       where one person improves his situation, it must come at the expense of
       another whose situation has become worse. But one reason those who use power
       models are not dubbed "dismal scientists" is that they are often utopian,
       spuriously claiming that at some distant moment, all may win.
The passage suggests that an assumption underlying non-economist social scientists dismal of economics as dismal is that
选项 A、positive-sum outcomes cannot, by the definition of the power model, exist
B、all social sciences founded on pragmatism instead of idealism are dismal
C、zero-sum interactions models are inherently optimistic in their view of the future
D、scarcity does not necessarily exist as a controlling factor in social systems
E、economics is anti-utopian by nature, proposing a more realistic view of the future
答案D
解析
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