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  3. The more medical science discovers about the complex interplay between nature and nurture, genetics and environment, the larger

The more medical science discovers about the complex interplay between nature and nurture, genetics and environment, the larger

admin2021-11-29  2
问题     The more medical science discovers about the complex interplay between nature and nurture, genetics and environment, the larger the role family history appears to play in disease. Last month’s announcement that most of the 30,000-plus genes in the human genome had been identified is likely to prompt a better understanding of family-related illness and new gene-based treatments. But until such treatments are available, people with a family history of certain diseases need to be watchful. They also need to remember that for most diseases, family history is not destiny.
    If you have what’s known as a first-degree relative — a parent or sibling — who has been diagnosed with an illness, say, cancer, then your risk of developing the same illness rises. Having two affected first-degree relatives, or family members across generations — your mother and your grandmother — increases your risk further. "If the illness is occurring in multiple, close relatives, at younger ages than is typical for that disease, and over more than one generation, you have a truly problematic family history, says Robin Bennett of the Medical Genetics Clinic at the University of Washington Medical Center.
    In families afflicted with certain inherited disorders such as sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis, genes alone seem to determine who gets sick. But for most people, family history, lifestyle, and environment all influence which illnesses they develop, and at what age. Even if you have strong family history of, say, breast cancer, heart disease, or diabetes, taking advantage of the proven screening tests and treatments and changing your lifestyle may tip the odds back in your favor.
    Nearly everyone faces some kind of genetic risk. By comparing the health histories of twins with same genetic makeup, scientists have estimated the contribution genes make to trait like weight, cholesterol level, and blood pressure. Kenneth Kendler, a professor of psychiatry and genetics at the medical College of Virginia, has found that genes contribute heavily to some mental disorders, too. "We’re pretty sure that with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, 70 or 80 percent is inherited. Alcohol and drug dependence, 50 to 60 percent. Depression, 35 to 40 percent." Even so, he adds, "The strongest predictor of major depression is still your life experience. There aren’t genes that make you depressed; there are genes that make you vulnerable to depression."
What is the probable best title for the passage?
选项 A、Gene Is Destiny
B、Family Disease Awaits You Somewhere
C、Gene Doesn’t Have the Final Say
D、Nature and Nurture
答案C
解析 主旨题。本文讨论的主要话题是基因(nature)和后天养育(nurture)之间复杂的关系，但作者研讨的核心是证明家族病史对个体致病的能力并非是百分百的，比如可能性很大的致病家族病史需要依情况而定，再比如患抑郁症的最重要因素是生活经历。因此本文最好的题目是“基因没有最终决定权”，A和B与原文含义不一致，D则太笼统。
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