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  3. When speaking about science to scientists, there is one thing that can be said that will almost always raise their indignation,

When speaking about science to scientists, there is one thing that can be said that will almost always raise their indignation,

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问题     When speaking about science to scientists, there is one thing that can be said that will almost always raise their indignation, and that is that science is inherently political and that the practice of science is a political act. Science, they will【C1】______, has nothing to do with politics. But is that true?
    Let’s consider the relationship between knowledge and power. "Knowledge and power go hand in hand," said Francis Bacon, "【C2】______the way to increase in power is to increase in knowledge. " At its【C3】______, science is a reliable method for creating knowledge, and thus power. Because science【C4】______the boundaries of knowledge, it pushes us to constantly【C5】______our ethics and morality, and that is always political. But【C6】______that, science constantly disrupts hierarchical power structures and vested interests in a long【C7】______to give knowledge, and thus power, to the individual, and that process is also political.
    Wishing to【C8】______the painful moral and ethical analysis that their discoveries sometimes【C9】______, many scientists today see their【C10】______to be the creation of knowledge and believe they should leave the moral, ethical, and political implications to others to【C11】______out.【C12】______the practice of science itself cannot possibly be apolitical, because it takes nothing on【C13】______. The very essence of the scientific process is to question long-held assumptions about the nature of the universe, to【C14】______experiments that test those questions, and,【C15】______the observations, to gradually build knowledge that is independent【C16】______our beliefs and assumptions. A scientifically【C17】______claim is utterly transparent and can be shown to be either most probably true or false,【C18】______the claim is made by a king or a president, a pope, or a common citizen.【C19】______this, science is inherently antiauthoritarian, and a great【C20】______of political power.
【C15】
选项 A、different from
B、added to
C、judging by
D、based on
答案D
解析 本题考查句内逻辑语义。空格处填入的短语以the observations为介词宾语，the observations即指上文experiments的观察结果。 15 the observations连接to dream up experiments…与to gradually build knowledge…两个不定式，说明“……这些实验观测结果，建立知识”。based on代入，指“依据实验的观察结果建立知识”，表明了科学过程中各步骤间的内部联系，符合文意。注意judging by后要引出结论，即“根据……判断而得出……的结论”，不符合文意。
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