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  3. While we’ve known for some time about the many long-term benefits of exercise, new research shows aerobic exercise also may have

While we’ve known for some time about the many long-term benefits of exercise, new research shows aerobic exercise also may have

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问题     While we’ve known for some time about the many long-term benefits of exercise, new research shows aerobic exercise also may have considerable effects on aging and brain health in the short term. A new study says exercise can help older adults improve their memory and overall cognitive health as they【C1】________.
    Researchers at the Center for BrainHealth studied a group of 37 adults ages 57 to 75【C2】________inactive lifestyles. They were【C3】________two groups, one control group and one physically active group. The fitness group spent one hour a day, three times a week, either bicycling or jogging【C4】________the course of 12 weeks.
    Each participant was【C5】________before, after and halfway through the study on their overall brain【C6】________and the fitness level of heart and blood vessel. At all three checkpoints, the group that was physically active was found to have higher blood flow in the brain and also improved memory. Researchers【C7】________this to increased blood flow in certain regions of the brain concerning memory.
    "Science has shown that aging【C8】________mental efficiency and memory decline is the number one cognitive【C9】________of older adults," lead author Sandra Bond Chapman said in a statement. "This research shows the【C10】________benefit of aerobic exercise on a person’s memory and demonstrates that aerobic exercise can reduce both the biological and cognitive【C11】________of aging."
    There are hundreds of benefits of exercise at any age【C12】________, for older adults, the affects are especially astonishing. Another study in 2006 showed that exercise not only improved brain performance but【C13】________increased brain volume in older adults.
    Researchers say the best part about the【C14】________findings is that aerobic exercise is low-cost and accessible to anyone,【C15】________is packed with benefits. Exercise can help lower blood pressure, help【C16】________your hormone levels, and even shorten hot flashes.
    But to【C17】________maximum benefits from an exercise regime, Chapman says it’s important to also get plenty of mental stimulation. "To think we can【C18】________and improve the basic structure of the【C19】________brain through aerobic exercise and complex thinking should【C20】________us to challenge our thinking and get moving at any age," Chapman said.
【C18】
选项 A、transform
B、perfect
C、devise
D、alter
答案D
解析 本句描述有氧运动(aerobic exercise)和复杂思考(complex thinking)的作用。填入的动词应与improve(提高)并列，且与basic structure of…brain(大脑的基本结构)构成动宾关系。D项alter“改变”符合语义。A项transform指彻底、深远的改变，在句中无法与improve(改善提高)并列使用。B项perfect“使完美”，是最大程度的improve，语义重复。C项devise“设计；想出”，不能与“大脑的基本结构”构成合理的动宾关系。
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