首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival
admin
2013-10-08
83
问题
Between the eighth and eleventh centuries A.D., the Byzantine Empire staged an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery that is all the more striking because it followed a long period of severe internal decline. By the early eighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it had possessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs and Bulgarians, who at times threatened to take Constantinople and extinguished the empire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatly diminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire had regained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended far beyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and art and scholarship had advanced.
To consider the Byzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspects of a single phenomenon is reasonable. After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome under Augustus and fifth century Athens provide the most obviously examples in antiquity. Moreover, an examination of the apparent sequential connections among military, economic, and cultural forms of programs might help explain the dynamics of historical change.
The common explanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would run like this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory and had begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturally expanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature. Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which in turn led to cultural revival.
No doubt this hypothetical pattern did apply at times during the course of recovery. Yet it is not clear that military advances invariably came first, economic second, and intellectual advances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872 the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered in the empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival,however, can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learning appears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writers appeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a cultural revival was in full bloom, a revival that lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revival followed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium. In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced the subsequent economic and military expansion.
It can be inferred that by the eleventh century the Byzantine military forces______.
选项
A、had reached their peak and begun to decline
B、had eliminated the Bulgarian army
C、were comparable in size to the army of Rome under Augustus
D、were strong enough to withstand the Abbasid Caliphate’s military forces
答案
D
解析
细节推理题。问题要求推断11世纪拜占庭的军事实力。文章中与军事实力有关的主要再现在两处,首先是第一段后半段说到:到11世纪收复了一半失地,稳定了边界,并影响到国外。由此可以推断A达顶并衰退不对。后面在第四段文章又谈到872年后拜占庭帝国与哈里发阿拉伯国家(Abbasid Caliphate)的军事力量对比(military balance)已占优。D项的含义与其相符,故为正解。B和C在文章中没提到。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/82ZO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Achild’srelationshipwithhismother
Achild’srelationshipwithhismother
SubfieldsofLinguisticsTheoverlappinginterestsbetweenthefieldoflinguisticsandotherdisciplinescreateseveralcross-d
Moststudiessuggestthatwhenwomenandmenshoulddothe(1)______samejobandhavetheexperience,payratestendtobesimi
Moststudiessuggestthatwhenwomenandmenshoulddothe(1)______samejobandhavetheexperience,payratestendtobesimi
OfallpartsinGreatBritain______isthelargestinarea.
Thepersonwhoisoftendescribedas"fatherofmodernlinguistics"is
我们青年人要像夏天的太阳一样,有一颗赤热的心,要勤奋,要勇敢,还要坚韧,除去懒惰怯弱的习惯与不肯吃苦的念头,到成年的时候,才能负担责任,创立大事业,收到良好的结果。夏天的清晨是何等舒适和快乐。我们应该早起,可以运动,可以在花间行走,看看植物的生活状
However,bybeingsolonginthelowestformIgainedanimmenseadvantageovertheclevererboys.TheyallwentontolearnLat
随机试题
具体地说,以人为本就是一切从人民的利益和要求出发,在发展经济的基础上,不断提高人民群众的物质、文化和精神健康生活水平,做到()。
上消化道大出血休克时,首先的治疗措施是
A.肝B.心C.脾D.肺E.肾具有主统血功能的脏是
关于债务重组,下列说法中,正确的有()。
紫檀博物馆位于建国路23号,是我国目前规模最大的民办博物馆。()
(1)上述三幅图各反映出幼儿绘画的哪种表现方式?(2)怎么理解幼儿的绘画?(3)评价幼儿画时应注意什么问题?
2015年9月15日,网友在微博上爆料称,在B市某知名餐馆的包子中吃出蟑螂,并附有一张包子底部粘着蟑螂的照片。该网友表示,“吃包子的时候看着点!发现有蟑螂找他去退态度极其恶劣,太恶心了”。无独有偶,一个月后,另一名网友发布微博,称在该餐馆另一分店的醋里吃出
已知总体X的概率密度f(x)=(λ>0),X1,X2,…,Xn是来自总体X的简单随机样本。求λ的矩估计量和最大似然估计量。
只能用来显示字符信息的控件是()。
Generallyspeaking,aBritishiswidelyregardedasaquiet,shyandconservativepersonwhois【C1】______onlyamongthosewithw
最新回复
(
0
)