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  3. The great chariot of society, which for so long had run down the gentle slope of tradition, now found itself powered by an inter

The great chariot of society, which for so long had run down the gentle slope of tradition, now found itself powered by an inter

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问题     The great chariot of society, which for so long had run down the gentle slope of tradition, now found itself powered by an internal combustion engine. Transactions and gain【C1】______a new and startling【C2】______force.
    What forces could have been【C3】______powerful to smash a comfortable and【C4】______world and institute in its place this new society? There was no single massive【C5】______. It was not great events, single adventures, individual laws, or charming【C6】______which【C7】______about the economic revolution. It was a process of internal growth.
    First, there was the gradual emergence of national political【C8】______in Europe. A second great current of change was to be found in the slow decay of the religious spirit under the【C9】______of the skeptical, inquiring, humanist views of the Italian Renaissance. Still another【C10】______current lies in the slow social changes that eventually【C11】______the market system possible. In the【C12】______of this change, power naturally began to gravitate into the hands of those who understood money matters— the merchants.
    Perhaps most important of all in the pervasiveness of its effect was a rise in scientific curiosity.【C13】______the world would wait until the age of Adam Smith for its【C14】______burst of technology, the Industrial Revolution could hot have taken place had not the ground been prepared【C15】______a succession of basic sub-industrial discoveries.
    No single one of these currents, acting by itself, could have turned society【C16】______. Indeed, many of them may have been as much the【C17】______as the causes of a great convulsion in human organization. History turns no【C18】______corners, and the whole vast upheaval sprawled out over time. Evidences of the market way of life sprang up side by side with older traditional ways, and remnants of the former day【C19】______long after the market had for all practical purposes taken over the【C20】______principle of economic organization.
【C4】
选项 A、fostered
B、fumed
C、established
D、updated
答案C
解析 “established已建立的；已设立的”。根据文章一致性的原则，该词与上文的“tradition”形成一种照应。而A项“fostered收养的，养育的”，B项“fumed发出的，冒出(烟、汽等)的”，D项“updated更新，使不过时；使现代化”均不符合题意。
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考研英语一

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