首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After y
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After y
admin
2012-02-29
68
问题
In the early 20th century, a horse named Clever Hans was believed capable of counting and other impressive mental tasks. After years of great performance, psychologists discovered that though Hans was certainly clever, he was not clever in the way everyone expected. The horse was cunningly (聪明地) picking up on tiny, unintentional bodily and facial cues given out not only by his trainer, but also by the audience. Aware of the "Clever Hans" effect, Lisa Lit at the University of California, Davis, and her colleagues wondered whether the beliefs of professional dog handlers might similarly affect the outcomes of searchers for drugs and explosives. Remarkably, Dr. Lit found, they do.
Dr. Lit asked 18 professional dog handlers and their dogs to complete brief searches. Before the searches, the handlers were informed that some of the search area might contain up to three target scents (气味), and also that in two cases those scents would be marked by pieces of red paper. What the handlers were not told was that none of the search areas contained the scents of either drugs or explosives. Any "detections" made by the teams thus had to be false.
The findings reveal that of 144 searches, only 21 were clean (no alerts). All the others raised one alert or more. In total, the teams raised 225 alerts. While the sheer number of false alerts struck Dr. Lit as fascinating, it was where they took place that was of greatest interest.
When handlers could see a red piece of paper, allegedly marking a location of interest, they were much more likely to say that their dogs signaled an alert. The human handlers were not only distracted on almost every occasion by the stimulus aimed at them, but also transmitted that distraction to their animals — who responded accordingly. To mix metaphors, the dogs were crying "wolf at the unconscious signal of their handlers.
How much that matters in the real world is unclear. But it might. If a handler, for example, unconsciously "profiled" people being sniffed (嗅) by a drug- or explosive-detecting dog at an airport, false positives could abound (大量存在). That is not only bad for innocent travelers, but might distract the team from catching the guilty.
How does the author see Dr. Lit’s findings?
选项
A、They may not be useful in real situations.
B、They should raise our concern in real life.
C、They will be widely applied in the near future.
D、They should be backed up by further evidence.
答案
B
解析
末段首句提到,that(指代Dr.Lit的发现)在现实世界中有多重要还不清楚。随后用But转折提到:但可能会很重要。后文举例说明警犬训练员对需要搜索对象的无意识定型可能会影响警犬在机场的搜寻工作,造成不良后果,由此可推断出,作者认为Dr.Lit的研究发现可能在现实生活有很重要的意义,应该引起人们的注意,故答案为[B]。作者提到该研究发现在现实世界中可能会很重要,结合后面举的机场的例子可知,这些发现可能会在现实情况中发挥作用,故排除[A]。[C]和[D]在文中未提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8Ef7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Today’slectureisonthesubjectofPronunciationAchievementFactors.Asanintroductionweshouldaskourselvesthreeque
Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadingha
Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadingha
Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadingha
Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadingha
Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadingha
Readinginvolveslookingatgraphicsymbolsandformulatingmentallythesoundsandideastheyrepresent.Conceptsofreadingha
BrentMadoostillremembersthequestionthatgothimintocollege.HewasinaworkshopwitheightotherNewYorkCitystudents
BrentMadoostillremembersthequestionthatgothimintocollege.HewasinaworkshopwitheightotherNewYorkCitystudents
A、Itislocatednearalargeresidentialarea.B、Itisopenaround-the-clockonweekends.C、Itisthesameasotherbanksinany
随机试题
男性,43岁,因头痛伴呕吐、双眼视物不清4个月收入院。查体:意识清醒;视力:左眼前数指,右大致正常;眼底:左视乳头边清色淡,右视乳头边缘不清、乳头隆起2D。为明确诊断,首先应安排的检查是
A.“大三阳”,HBV复制活跃,传染性强B.“小三阳”,传染性弱C.急性肝炎恢复窗口期D.HBV感染已恢复E.乙肝疫苗接种成功HBsAg:+;HBsAb:一;HBeAg:一;HBeAb:+;HBcAb:+。此结果提示
脘胀纳少,乏力肢倦,便溏形瘦,舌淡脉弱,应辨为
马钱子的功效是()
关于确定劳动争议诉讼当事人的说法,正确的是()。
行政监察是指政府系统内部的专门监察机构,对()所实施的全面性监督。
在下列几种应用文中,具有公文法定效用的是()。
旅行社刚刚为三位旅客预定了飞机票。这三位旅客是荷兰人比尔、加拿大人伯托和英国人丹皮。他们三人一个去荷兰、一个去加拿大、一个去英国。据悉,比尔不打算去荷兰,丹皮不打算去英国,伯托既不去加拿大也不去英国。所以( )。
爬行动物不是两栖动物,两栖动物都是卵生的。所以,凡是卵生的动物都不是爬行动物。以下哪项在结构上和题干最为类似?
剑桥不仅是英国、也是欧洲最重要和最美丽的城镇之一。其建筑的质量,尤其是大学所属的建筑以及河流和花园所带来的独特氛围使得剑桥成为每一位赴英游客的必到之处。受到剑桥大学影响的不仅仅是市镇建筑,还包括城市特征:其书店是全国最优秀的。频繁举行的戏剧演出和音乐会以及
最新回复
(
0
)