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  3. The United States boasts the best public universities in the world. No young person should be turned away because they were born

The United States boasts the best public universities in the world. No young person should be turned away because they were born

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问题    The United States boasts the best public universities in the world. No young person should be turned away because they were born into a family without enough money for tuition: nor should getting a degree consign(交付；委托)a person to decades of crippling debt. For the sake of fairness, class mobility, and the ideal of equality of opportunity, I believe generous financial aid should be available to all needy students for whom a four-year degree is the best way to achieve the American dream.
   But I also know America is overwhelmingly led by people with college degrees and white collar backgrounds—people who overvalue their own path to success and rig the system against others who’d thrive under a different approach. Our elites are too often blind to the value of education that is received away from college, whether through apprenticeships or vocational schools or on-the-job training. They don’t always understand that there are lots of blue-collar jobs that are more fulfilling, better paying, and more in demand than lots of white-collar jobs. And they are blind to the wisdom in cultural enclaves where a young person is not considered "culturally competent" until knowing how to perform CPR, help a stranger change a flat, or work alongside people from different social classes without taking offense when their etiquette is different than the etiquette at UCLA or Berkeley.
   So rather than promising free tuition, I have a more inclusive proposal: No matter your race or class or gender, you should be able to afford a degree from a public university without crippling debt if that path best maximizes your potential: and we should all value the important work being done at universities.
   The future I want to see begins with redoubling America’s efforts at civic education in high school. Everyone with a high-school diploma should have learned all the tools they need to meaningfully participate as citizens in America’s government-by-the-people. In fact, adults who want to study American civics now should have that opportunity.
   Next, for everyone who earns their diploma or GED, I propose financial aid for college or for an alternative investment in education that will help them toward any career that they choose, so long as they demonstrate that they’re making an informed decision. Yes, we’ll need to be watchful to fraudsters(行骗者)eager to get a piece of that money without offering valuable knowledge in return. But the problem will be no greater than under the status quo, when so much of the money that flows to public universities is wasted on administrative expansion and luxurious campus installations.
   Finally, so that those who pursue routes other than four-year colleges are treated more fairly, I propose legal reforms to eliminate obstacles like professional-licensing requirements that amount to no more than credentialism(文凭至上主义), and a shift away from insisting on a bachelor’s degree for jobs that shouldn’t require one.
The author suggests that the key to effective financial aid should lie in______.
选项 A、investing more in education
B、facilitating the career choice
C、remaining alert to cheaters
D、improving campus facilities
答案B
解析 事实细节题。本题考查作者对有效经济援助的建议。定位句提到，作者建议给每一个获得文凭或普通教育水平的人提供大学教育的经济援助或进行类似的教育投资，目的在于帮助这些人恰当地选择职业，可见作者认为有效的经济援助需要帮助人们进行职业选择，故答案为B)。A)“增加对教育的投资”在原文中并未提及，故排除；C)“对骗子保持警惕”是对定位段第二句的曲解，原文的意思是在进行有效资助的同时也要警惕骗子，但这并非其有效性的关键所在，故排除；定位段最后一句提到现在的资金被投入到奢华的校园设施上，这是作者所反对的，故排除D)“改善校园设施”。
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