首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
No doubt you know several folks with perfectly respectable IQs who repeatedly make poor decisions. The behavior of such people t
No doubt you know several folks with perfectly respectable IQs who repeatedly make poor decisions. The behavior of such people t
admin
2020-08-26
43
问题
No doubt you know several folks with perfectly respectable IQs who repeatedly make poor decisions. The behavior of such people tells us that we are missing something important by treating intelligence as if it encompassed all cognitive abilities. I coined the term " dysrationalia," meaning the inability to think and behave rationally despite having adequate intelligence, to draw attention to a large domain of cognitive life that intelligence tests fail to assess. Although most people recognize that IQ tests do not measure every important mental faculty, we behave as if they do. We have an implicit assumption that intelligence and rationality go together — or else why would we be so surprised when smart people do foolish things?
IQ tests do not measure dysrationalia, but there are ways to measure dysrationalia and ways to correct it. Decades of research in cognitive psychology have suggested two causes of dysrationalia. One is a processing problem, the other a content problem. Much is known about both of them.
The processing problem comes about because we tend to be cognitive misers. When approaching a problem, we can choose from any of several cognitive mechanisms. Some mechanisms have great computational power, letting us solve many problems with great accuracy, but they are slow, require much concentration and can interfere with other cognitive tasks. Others are comparatively low in computational power, but they are fast, require little concentration and do not interfere with other ongoing cognition. Humans are cognitive misers because our basic tendency is to default to the processing mechanisms that require less computational effort, even when they are less accurate.
The second source of dysrationalia is a content problem. We need to acquire specific knowledge to think and act rationally. Harvard cognitive scientist David Perkins coined the term "mindware" to refer to the rules, data, procedures, strategies and other cognitive tools (knowledge of probability, logic and scientific inference) that must be retrieved from memory to think rationally. The absence of this knowledge creates a mindware gap — again, something that is not tested on typical intelligence tests.
My goal in proposing the term "dysrationalia" is to separate intelligence from rationality, a trait that IQ tests do not measure. The concept of dysrationalia, and the empirical evidence indicating that the condition is not rare, should help create a conceptual space in which we value abilities at least as important as those currently measured in IQ tests.
People with "dysrationalia" often________.
选项
A、show little respect to others
B、perform poorly in IQ tests
C、make irrational decisions
D、display unacceptable behavior
答案
C
解析
本题是词汇题,考查的关键点在文章第一段的第三句话“I coined the term‘ dysrationalia.’meaning the inability to think and behave rationally despite having adequate intelligence…”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8PTO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreatures,especiallyhumanbeings,havethei
Archaeologistsareinterestedinpottery,figurinesandothervestigesofancientcivilizations.
Differentculturesaremoreproneto______certainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.
Everysocietyhasitsownpeculiarcustomsand______ofacting.
Reportsthatthegeneralistobedismissedaregaining______amonggovernmentministers.
Wesimplycan’tcompetewithothercompanies______weimproveourenginedesignandreducethecostofproduction.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)
Itwassuggestedthatallgovernmentministersshould______informationontheirfinancialinterests.(2007年中南大学考博试题)
TheearthquakehappenedinSouthXinjiangonFeb.24.This______killed266people.(2004年武汉大学考博试题)
Traditionally,thestudyofhistoryhashadfixedboundariesandfocalpoints—periods,countries,dramaticevents,andgreatlea
Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed______.
随机试题
背景某装饰公司作为分包商实施某部委办公大楼的装饰装修工程,由于总承包的垂直提升设备急于退场,经监理工程师及总承包方同意,在第6层抢先砌筑完毕一间大会议室后将其设置为临时材料库房,提前将部分装饰装修材料倒运至临时库房存放。同一楼层其他部位此时正进行砌筑与抹
如何对学前儿童烫伤进行处理?
A.P波B.PR间期C.QRS波群D.ST段反映心室各部分都处于去极化状态的是
关于手术后病人早期活动的优点,下列哪项说法不正确
对服用华法林患者的健康指导,正确的是
下列各项中,符合消费税有关规定的是()。
阅读下面的文言文,完成下列问题。宋濂,字景濂,其先金华之潜溪人,至濂乃迁浦江。幼英敏强记,就学于闻人梦吉。通《五经》,复往从吴莱学。已,游柳贯、黄溍之门,两人皆亟逊濂,自谓弗如。元至正中,荐授翰林编修,以亲老辞不行,入龙门山著书。逾十余年,太祖取婺州,
【B1】【B3】
1925年2月24日,国父孙中山病危时,留下一段《家事遗嘱》:“余因尽瘁国事,不治家产。其所遗之书籍、衣物、住宅等均付吾妻宋庆龄,以为纪念。余之儿女已长成能自立,望各自爱,以继余志。此嘱。”中山先生艰苦奋斗40年,功勋卓然。但终身廉洁,
A、1/3.B、1/2.C、2/3.D、All.A
最新回复
(
0
)