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  3. The misfortunes of human beings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second

The misfortunes of human beings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second

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问题     The misfortunes of human beings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankind has progressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. At the present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation , the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find it difficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized skipping , they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one place by means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows, it is now man that is man’s worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still sees to it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill of life. We are supposed to wish to live forever and to look forward to the unending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, he has no wish to begin again as a ’new boy’ in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidity or malevolence or both.
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答案 人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，由非人为的客观环境所造成；第二类，由他人所造成。当人类在知识与技术上取得巨大进步之后，第二类不幸在总数中所占的比例正在不断增大。比如在古代，饥荒是由自然原因造成的，尽管人们努力与自然抗争，许多人还是死于饥饿。目前，世界的大部分地区仍然面临着饥荒的威胁，尽管这种情况部分是由天灾所引起，但主因还是人祸。在过去的六年间，世界上的文明国家倾尽全力互相残杀，他们也蓦然发现，要转变到彼此共存的境地已然很难。他们破坏了收割、拆毁了农机、打乱了货运，同时发现依靠一地的丰裕来缓解另一地的粮食紧缺绝非易事。而倘若经济系统正常运转，这便不难做到。这个例子说明，现今人类最大的敌人恰恰是人类自身。诚然，以自然的眼光来看，我们仍难逃一死，但随着医药上的进步，人们能活到寿终正寝之日的情况将变得越来越常见。我们本应希望长生不死，也盼望着天堂中的无尽欢娱——依靠神迹我们可永不厌倦。然而事实上，如果你对任何一个不再年轻的诚实之人发出质询，则他很可能告诉你，品尝过这个世界上的酸甜苦辣之后，他已不愿在另一个世界中再度超生。因此，在将来，很可能人类必须考虑的最重大的罪恶将是他们对彼此犯下的罪行——或是出于愚蠢，或是出于恶意，或者两者兼而有之。
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