首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Patents, said Thomas Jefferson, should draw "a line between the things which are worth to the public the embarrassment of an exc
Patents, said Thomas Jefferson, should draw "a line between the things which are worth to the public the embarrassment of an exc
admin
2010-05-14
77
问题
Patents, said Thomas Jefferson, should draw "a line between the things which are worth to the public the embarrassment of an exclusive patent, and those which are not". As the value that society places on intellectual property has increased, that line has become murkier--and the cause of some embarrassment, too. Around the world, patent offices are being inundated with applications. In many cases, this represents the extraordinary inventiveness that is occurring in new fields such as the internet, genomics and nanotechnology. But another, less-acceptable reason for the flood is that patent offices have been too lax in granting patents, encouraging many firms to rush to patent as many, often dubious, ideas as possible in an effort to erect legal obstacles to competitors. The result has been a series of messy and expensive court battles, and growing doubts about the effectiveness of patent systems as a spur to innovation, just as their importance should be getting bigger.
In 1998 America introduced so-called "business-method" patents, granting for the first time patent monopolies simply for new ways of doing business, many of which were not so new. This was a mistake. It not only ushered in a wave of new applications, but it is probably inhibiting, rather than encouraging, commercial innovation, which had never received, or needed, legal protection in the past. Europe has not, so far, made the same blunder, but the European Parliament is considering the easing of rules for innovations incorporated in software. This might have a similarly deleterious effect as business-method patents, because many of these have been simply the application of computers to long-established practices. In Japan, fu-ms are winning large numbers of patents with extremely narrow claims, mostly to obfuscate what is new and so to ward off rivals. As more innovation happens in China and India, these problems are likely to spread there as well.
There is an urgent need for patent offices to return to first principles. A patent is a government-granted temporary monopoly (patents in most countries are given about 20 years’ protection) intended to reward innovators in exchange for a disclosure by the patent holder of how his invention works, thereby encouraging others to further innovation. The qualifying tests for patents are straightforward--that an idea be useful, novel and not obvious. Unfortunately most patent offices, swamped by applications that can run to thousands of pages and confronted by companies wielding teams of lawyers, are no longer applying these tests strictly or reliably. For example, in America, many experts believe that dubious patents abound, such as the notorious one for a "sealed crustless sandwich". Of the few patents that are re-examined by the Patent and Trademark Office itself, often after complaints from others, most are invalidated or their claims clipped down. The number of duplicate claims among patents is far too high. What happens in America matters globally, since it is the world’s leading patent office, approving about 170,000 patents each year, half of which are granted to foreign applicants.
Europe’ s patent system is also in a mess in another regard: the quilt of national patent offices and languages means that the cost of obtaining a patent for the entire European Union is too high, a burden in particular on smaller firms and individual inventors. The European Patent Office may award a patent, but the patent holder must then file certified translations at national patent offices to receive protection. Negotiations to simplify this have gone on for over a decade without success.
As a start, patent applications should be made public. In most countries they are, but in America this is the case only under certain circumstances, and after 18 months. More openness would encourage rivals to offer the overworked patent office evidence with which to judge whether an application is truly novel and non- obvious. Patent offices also need to collect and publish data about what happens once patents are granted-- the rate at which they are challenged and how many are struck down. This would help to measure the quality of the patent system itself, and offer some way of evaluating whether it is working to promote innovation, or to impede it.
But most of all, patent offices need to find ways of applying standards more strictly. This would make patents more difficult to obtain. But that is only right. Patents are, after all, government-enforced monopolies and so, as Jefferson had it, there should be some "embarrassment" (and hesitation) in granting them.
Which of the following is the main problem of the current patent system?
选项
A、Patent offices have been too lax in granting patents.
B、Most patent offices are swamped by applications.
C、It is probably inhibiting, rather than encouraging, commercial innovation.
D、The quilt of national patent offices and languages
答案
A
解析
文章的核心内容就是围绕着目前专利授权标准过于宽松,因而导致大量专利申请淹没各国专利事务机构的情况展开议论。文中的关键句“But another,…to competitors”,“But most of all,patent offices… strictly”等,正是理解文章的要点所在。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8blO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThisiswhatAfricahasinabundance,space,almost12millionsquaremilesofdesert,savanna,coastline,andpeople,700milli
LasVegaswasfounded【B1】______yearsagoandwasofficially【B2】______in1905.Sincethen,LasVegashastransformeditselfint
A、Buildingfriendshipsacrosscultures.B、Promotingdifferentculturesofdifferentnations.C、Performingtraditionalactivities
A、Bothparentsworkingandraisingtwoorthreechildren.B、Aworkingfather,ahousewifemotherandacoupleofchildren.C、Mar
A、NewsupdatesonCockney.B、Alegalcaseunderinvestigation.C、Asoapopera.D、AreportabouttheunderprivilegedinLondon.C
I’dliketodiscusssomeofthewaysresearcherstrytomeasurequalityoflifeorwell-beingandthedifficultieswithsuchmea
I’dliketodiscusssomeofthewaysresearcherstrytomeasurequalityoflifeorwell-beingandthedifficultieswithsuchmea
Expertsestimatethatsomewherebetween【B1】______and【B2】______ofeverythingwecommunicateisnonverbal.Waysofnonverbalcommu
Walmart’sdecisiononFeb.19toraiseitsbasewageto$9anhour,$1.75higherthanthefederalminimum,hasbeenheralded
TheauthorhadtroubleoperatinghisVCRbecause______.Accordingtothepassage,beforeaVCRissoldonthemarket,itsorigi
随机试题
患者,男,57岁。腹痛绵绵,时作时上,痛时喜按,大便或溏,神疲畏寒,苔薄白,脉沉细。治疗取穴应首选
不合格药品库(区)的色标颜色为()。
5月10日,甲以自有房屋1套为债权人乙设定抵押并办理抵押登记。6月10日,甲又以该房屋为债权人丙设定抵押,但一直拒绝办理抵押登记。9月10日,甲擅自将该房屋转让给丁并办理了过户登记。下列说法错误的是()。
下列关于出卖人交付标的物的表述中,符合法律规定的是()。
地下管线竣工测量时,当井距大于()m时,除测出井内底管顶或井底高程外,宜加测中间点。
在由江苏省教育厅主办的首届江苏省师范生教学基本功大赛(学前教育专业)上,各项技能比赛竞争激烈,师德问题则是笔试环节的重点。参加竞赛的选手表示,虽然理论笔试没有出现最近广为人知的“温岭虐童”案例,但很多题目都与师德有关系。南京幼儿高等师范学校唐志华校长指出:
下列关于“四个全面”战略布局的说法不正确的是()。
快递员小李需要给一栋大楼的8到17层递送快递,因电梯故障,只能走楼梯,他爬到8楼用时105秒(假设上下楼速度相同),而在每个楼层都有逗留,且逗留的时间恰好为互不相同的不超过10分钟的整数分钟,问从小李进大楼到最后离开需要多少分钟(从门口到楼梯的时间不计)?
Howlongdoesaninterviewusuallylastaccordingtothespeaker?
Lookatthechartbelow.Itshowstheturnoverandprofitofeightcompanies(A-H)inthreeyears.Whichcompanydoeseachsen
最新回复
(
0
)