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  3. Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U. S. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of th

Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U. S. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of th

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问题     Slavery has played a significant role in the history of the U. S. It existed in all the English mainland colonies and most of the Founding Fathers also had slaves, as did eight of the first 12 presidents.
    Dutch traders brought 20 Africans to Jamestown, Virginia, as early as 1619, however, throughout the 17 th century the number of Africans in the English mainland colonies grew very slowly. At that time, colonists used two other sources of unfree labor: Native American slaves and European indentured servants.
    During those years, every colony had some Native American slaves, but their number was limited. Indian men avoided performing agricultural labor, because they viewed it as women’s work, and colonists complained that they were too "haughty". The more important was mat the settlers found it more convenient to sell Native Americans captured in war to planters in the Caribbean than to turn them into slaves, because they often resisted and it was not hard for the slaves to escape. Later, the policy of killing Indians or driving them away from white settlements was proposed and it contradicted with their widespread employment as slaves.
    The other form of labor was the white indentured servitude. Most indentured servants consisted of poor Europeans. Desiring to escape tough conditions in Europe and take advantage of fabled opportunities in America, they traded three to seven years of their labor in exchange for the transatlantic passage. At first, it was mainly English who were the white indentured servitude but later increasingly Irish, Welsh, and German joined. They were essentially temporary slaves and most of them served as agricultural workers although some, especially in the North, were, taught skilled trades. During the 17th century, they performed most of heavy labor in the Southern colonies and also consisted of the bulk of immigrants to those colonies.
    At the end of the 17th century, in order to meet the labor need, landowners in America turned to African slaves. During the late 17th and 18th centuries, thanks to the dominant position of England in terms of naval superiority, English traders (some of whom lived in English America) transported millions of Africans across the Atlantic. And the transatlantic slave trades produced one of the largest forced migrations in history, blacks (the great majority, of whom were slaves) increasing from about 7 percent of the American population in 1680 to more than 40 percent by the middle of the 18th century.
The relation between the second paragraph and the next following two paragraphs is that in the next following two paragraphs the author
选项 A、further elaborates the issue discussed in the second paragraph
B、modifies the point of view in the second paragraph
C、changes the view expressed in the second paragraph
D、offers the reason to support the viewpoint in the second paragraph
答案A
解析 本题考察的是考生对整篇文章结构的把握。作者在第二段提出，在整个17世纪，非洲人在美洲的数量很少，当时，美洲的白人殖民者主要的劳动力来源是美洲土著奴隶和欧洲契约奴隶。在接下来的两段，作者分别介绍了美洲土著奴隶和欧洲契约奴隶的情况，进一步阐述了在第二段提出的观点。选项B，C和D对这两者的逻辑关系描述的均不正确。所以，本题选择A。
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