首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports
admin
2010-07-06
57
问题
The ratio between payments into and out of a country is known as the country’s balance of payments. Besides the value of imports and exports (the balance of trade), the balance of payments includes private foreign loans (and interest); loans by governments, central banks, and international organizations; and movements of gold or reserve currencies.
An international medium of exchange is required for international trade. From the late 1800s until World War I, most countries operated on the gold standard. Gold coins of standard specifications circulated freely between countries, making gold in effect an international currency. This system provided an automatic correction for some trade imbalances, but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade), and it was vulnerable to short-term changes in the gold supply.
After the financial instability of the 1930s, the international monetary system was rebuilt following World War Ⅱ on the gold-exchange standard. The values of most national currencies were fixed in relation to the U. S. dollar; reserves were kept in dollars, which could be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price (#35 on ounce until 1968). The International Monetary Fund (IMF), a key institution set up under this system, makes international loans with capital subscribed by its members which include most noncommunist states. Voting rights are proportional to the amounts subscribed. The IMF has been able, through its loans, to stabilize fluctuating currencies and to influence the internal financial policies of recipient countries, a frequently criticized practice.
The success of the gold-exchange standard, however, depended on the superior position of the United States in world trade. In the 1960s, continual balance of payments deficits lowered U. S. gold reserves and fatally undermined the system. In 1968 a two-tiered system was adopted. Government banks maintained fixed gold prices, while non-governmental buyers traded freely. Simultaneously, non-dollar special drawing rights (SDRs) were assigned to IMF members in proportion to their contributions. But these changes did not relieve strain on the U. S. dollar. In 1971 President Richard Nixon announced that dollars would no longer automatically be exchanged for gold, and since then there has been no single international monetary standard.
According to the passage, since World War I the international monetary system has shown an overall trend toward
选项
A、tying the value of world currencies to the value of gold.
B、greater centralized control of world trade.
C、substituting several different monetary standards for a single unified standard.
D、increasingly stable currencies.
答案
C
解析
本题考查细节理解。答案可从最后一句得出:1971年尼克松总统宣布美元不再自动兑换黄金,从那时起已无单一的货币单位。这和选项C 一致。选项A 与第二段第一句不符。第—句提到“十八世纪末到第一次世界大战为止,多数国家采用金本位”,即一战后不再采用金本位。选项B 文中未提。从第三段关键词“instability”,“fluctuating currencies”判断,选项D 与内容不符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8hDd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Wherecantheexpression"lameduck"beheard?
Whatshouldonedoifhewantstoworkmoreefficientlyathislowpointinthemorning?
What’stheaverageincreaseperyearofforeignstudentpopulationintheperiodbetween1985and1990intermsofpercentage?
Withunfamiliarhumanbeings,whenweacknowledgetheirhumanness,wemustavoidstaringatthem,andyetwemustalsoavoidign
IfyouarebuyingapropertyinFrance,whetherforapermanentoraholidayhome,itisimportanttoopenaFrenchbankaccount
Payandproductivity,itisgenerallyassumed,shouldberelated.Buttherelationshipseemstoweaken【C1】________peoplegetold
Artwasherfavoritesubjectatschool,butshedidadegreeingeography.
Supermarketshoppershaveneverbeenmorespoiltforchoice.Butjustwhenwethoughttraditionalsystemsofselectivefarmingh
Accordingtotheauthor,theimportanceofgreenspaceintheurbanenvironment______.Theauthorsuggeststhattherecreative
favorite
随机试题
针描法使用的仪器是电动轮廓仪。()
近来研究提示Graves病的发病与下列哪种细菌感染有关
用抓阄的方法随机抽取部分观察单位组成样本,此方法为将总体划分为若干群,然后从中随机抽取部分群,对中选的各群所有观察单位进行全面调查,此方法为
抗精神失常药从化学结构主要分为是
根据装修材料种类,建筑内部装修可分为()。
证券自营业务的范围包括()。I.一般上市证券的自营买卖Ⅱ.一般非上市证券的买卖Ⅲ.兼并收购中的自营买卖Ⅳ.证券承销业务中的自营买卖
“月有阴晴圆缺”,用科学的观点看待这件事,原因是()。
我国人大代表在任期内因故出缺,由()。
一、注意事项一、本试卷由给定资料与作答要求两部分构成。考试时限为150分钟。其中,阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟,作答参考时限为110分钟。满分100分。二、所有考生必须按要求作答,未按要求作答的,不得分。二、给定资料1.合理的收
设f(x)=,则当x→0时,g(x)是f(x)的().
最新回复
(
0
)