首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. History of weather forecasting E
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. History of weather forecasting E
admin
2017-04-14
73
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
History of weather forecasting
Early methods
-Almanacs connected the weather with the positions of different
【L31】______at particular times.
Invention of weather instruments
- A hygrometer showed levels of【L32】______(Nicholas Cusa 1450)
- Temperature variations first measured by a thermometer containing
【L33】______(Galileo Galilei 1593)
- A barometer indicated air pressure(Evangelista Torricelli 1643)
Transmitting weather information
- The use of the【L34】______allowed information to be passed
around the world.
- Daily【L35】______were produced by the French from 1863.
【L31】
You will hear a talk by a meteorologist about weather forecasting. First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
[Pause the recording for one minute.]
Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
I work for the National Weather Service and as part of your course on weather patterns, I’ve been asked to talk to you about how we predict the weather. We’re so used to switching on our TVs and getting an up-to-date weather forecast at any time of day or night that we probably forget that this level of sophistication has only been achieved in the last few decades and weather forecasting is actually an ancient art. So I want to start by looking back into history.
The earliest weather forecasts appeared in the 1500s in almanacs, which were lists of information produced every year.(31)Their predictions relied heavily on making links between the weather and where the planets were in the sky on certain days. In addition, predictions were often based on information like if the fourth night after a new moon was clear, good weather was expected to follow.
But once basic weather instruments were invented, things slowly started to change.(32)In the mid-fifteenth century, a man called Nicholas Cusa, a German mathematician, designed a hygrometer which told people how much humidity there was in the air. To do this, Cusa put some sheep’s wool on a set of scales and then monitored the change in the wool’s weight according to the air conditions.
A piece of equipment we all know and use is the thermometer.(33)Changes in temperature couldn’t really be measured until the Italian Galileo Galilei invented his thermometer in 1593. It wasn’t like a modern-day thermometer because it had water inside it instead of mercury. In fact, it wasn’t until 1714 that Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer. In 1643 another Italian called Evangelista Torricelli invented the first barometer which measured atmospheric pressure. This was another big step forward in more accurate weather predicting.
As time went on, during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, all these meteorological instruments were improved and developed and people in different countries began to record measurements relating to their local weather. However,(34)in those days it was very difficult to send records from one part of the world to another so it wasn’t possible for them to share their information until the electric telegraph became more widespread. This meant that weather observations could be sent on a regular basis to and from different countries. By the 1860s, therefore, weather forecasts were becoming more common and accurate because they were based on observations taken at the same time over a wide area.(35)In 1863. France started publishing weather maps each day. This hadn’t been done before, and other nations soon followed. So that was the start of national weather forecasting and I’ll now tell you how we at the National Weather Centre get the information we need to produce a forecast.
Even today, one of the most important methods we use is observations which tell us what the weather is doing right now. Observation reports are sent automatically from equipment at a number of weather stations in different parts of the country.(36)They are nearly all based at airports although a few are in urban centres. The equipment senses temperature, humidity, pressure and wind speed direction.
Meteorologists also rely really heavily on satellites which send images to our computer screens. What we see on our screens is bright colours.(37)Orange represents dry air and bright blue shows moisture levels in the atmosphere. The satellites are located 22,000 miles above the surface of the Earth and it’s amazing that despite that distance(38)it’s possible for us to make out an individual cloud and follow it as it moves across the landscape.
In addition to collecting data from the ground, we need to know what’s happening in the upper levels of the atmosphere. So a couple of times a day from many sites across the country, we send radiosondes into the air.(39)A radiosonde is a box containing a package of equipment and it hangs from a balloon which is filled with gas. Data is transmitted back to the weather station.
Finally, radar.(40)This was first used over 150 years ago and still is. New advances are being made all the time and it is one method for detecting and monitoring the progress of hurricanes. Crucial information is shown by different colours representing speed and direction. Radar is also used by aircraft, of course.
All this information from different sources is put into computer models which are like massive computer programs. Sometimes they all give us the same story and sometimes we have to use our own experience to decide which is showing the most accurate forecast which we then pass on to you.
So I hope next time you watch the weather forecast, you’ll think about how we meteorologists spend our time. And maybe I’ve persuaded some of you to study meteorology in more depth.
选项
答案
planets
解析
Distraction The almanacs used the moon to make predictions but not its position.
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8m8O777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
YouwishtoenrollinacourseatanAustraliancollege.Youhavealreadywrittenalettertothecollegeaskingforinformation
Whatdoyouimaginearetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofworkingabroad,asfarasindividualsandcountriesareconcerned?
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.ThechartsbelowgiveinformationaboutweatherintwoBraziliancities.Summari
Yourfriendiscomingfromabroadtoholidayinyourcity.Youcan’tgototheairporttopickhimup.Writealettertohim.I
READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.
Questions29-33ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphsA-G.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingsforparagraphsC-Gfromthelisto
Questions28-29Completethenotes,whichshowhowtheapproachestodefining’talent’havechanged.ChooseONEorTWOWORDSfro
Fangshunisconcernedwiththeflowofenergy.Therearemanynegative(9)ofunbalanced’chi’Amassingagreatdealofstuf
WhatisChloeconcernedabout?
随机试题
在领导方法中,“解剖麻雀”属于【】
糖尿病酮症酸中毒患者经注射胰岛素及静滴生理盐水后,血糖降低、失水纠正、尿量增多,此时最应注意防止
设BcA,则下面正确的等式是()。
对于这50t不在合同范围以内的铁矿石,称之为()。关于溢卸、误卸货物的处理,以下表述正确的是()。
证券公司应当加强对业务执行部门融资融券业务活动的控制,禁止业务执行部门未经总部批准向客户融资、融券,禁止业务执行部门自行决定签约、开户、授信、保证金收取等应当由总部决定的事项。()
下列关于股利理论的表述中,不正确的有()。
生产要素边际产量遵循()规律。
时间对孩子来说是抽象的,不容易理解。让孩子认识时间最主要的方法就是认识时钟。请以“认识时钟”为主题,设计一个幼儿园大班的活动方案。
下列建筑物所在国家与作品作者的国籍相一致的是()。
根据下列统计资料回答问题2009~2015年间,有几个年份平均每个出境参展项目的参展净面积超过400平方米?
最新回复
(
0
)