As a matter of fact, when all a language takes from another one is mere words, it is usually because only a small number of spea

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问题    As a matter of fact, when all a language takes from another one
is mere words, it is usually because only a small number of speakers
of the first language are bilingual in the second -- usually the ruling
classes and the educator. In such cases, most speakers are not      【M1】______
using the second language alongside the first one at a daily   【M2】______
basis--instead, the influence on the second language "trickles down" from【M3】______
the elite class to the masses. In cases like this, which trickles down 【M4】______
most easily are isolated words, rather than the things that are harder
to pick up from a foreign language, such as word order and endings,
which require the actual use of the second language to get the hang
of. This was the situation, for example, in England when it was
occupied by the Norman French: The Normans were the rulers when     【M5】______
the masses continued happily using English. It is this reason that so【M6】______
many of the words We inherited from French have to do with conception
of government [reign], fashion [attire], art [pen], cuisine [poultry], 【M7】______
and, actually, the very words government, fashion, art and cuisine. Just like【M8】______
often, moreover, geography and history have it that many, most, or   【M9】______
all of a language’s speakers speak another one together alongside,   【M10】______
and the result is the likes of Is it out of your mind you are? In fact,
most languages have had some influence on their structure from other
languages at some point in their history.
【M2】

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解析 on... basis是固定搭配。
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