首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial s
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial s
admin
2010-02-20
84
问题
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust tog rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samuri had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in over- lords’ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors (the nearly invitable outcome of hereditary office holding) as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover.
It was difficult for individual samurai overloads to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was con- strained. Therefore, the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cash profits from government -owned mines were already on the decline because the most easily worked deposits of salver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensated for the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what was suitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Direct taxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns only commerce as a potential source of government income.
Most of the country’s wealth, or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contribute part of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. A means of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyokin; although these were not taxes in the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary in a- mount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawa shoguns’ search for solvency for the Government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese who lived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.
According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overload in the eighteenth Century was that ______.
选项
A、trade had fallen off
B、the coinage had been sharply debased
C、spending had outdistanced income
D、profits from mining had declined
答案
C
解析
答案在原文第一段的叙述中提到:Overlords’ income,despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers,failed to keep pace with their expenses.故应选C,人不敷出。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8rvO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Becausetheydon’texperiencethesamekindofproblems.B、Becausetheycannotadaptthemselvestothefastprogress.C、Becaus
A、Fightformarkets.B、Bemoreinventiveandinnovative.C、ExpandintoITindustry.D、Behonestandfairinbusinessdealings.A
A、Shehadhervacationthere.B、Shetookadivingcoursethere.C、Shewasthereonafieldtrip.D、Shevisitedamarineexhibiti
TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedying
据美国政府统计,有超过1/4,即28%的成人至少拥有学士学位。2000年这一比例是24%,增幅很大。
A、Peopleresiststandardization.B、Parentswanttoreducetheweddingcost.C、Manycouplescan’taffordmorethanthepriceofa
A、Theyboughtsomeworthlesssouvenir.B、Theydidsomemanualwork.C、Theywentonacompanytrip.D、Theywroteaguidebook.C
Insize,Canadaisthesecondlargestcountryonearth.Intermsof【C1】______,itisamemberofBigSeven,theworld’sleading
Whatdoesitmeantorelax?Despite【C1】______thousandsoftimesduringthecourseofourlives,【C2】______havedeeplyconsidered
August18th1999DearSir,InyourJuly28tharticleyounotedthattheBank’sowninternalanalysisratedonethirdofthe
随机试题
大张异体皮开洞嵌植小片自体皮法一般要求自体皮片大小及间距是
胸膜摩擦感见于
A.五脏六腑病证B.表里经脉病证C.五脏病证D.六腑病证E.急性病证络穴主要治疗
对食欲减退者可服用增加食欲药,如()
下列属于营业税免税项目的有()。
学校应当建立与家长之间的安全信息通报制度,特别需要通报的内容有()。①学校规定的学生到校和放学时间②学生非正常缺席或者擅自离校情况③学生身体和心理的异常情况④其他有关学生安全的信息
习近平总书记曾引用古语“不能胜寸心,安能胜苍穹”。这启示广大党员应()。
下列有关医药常识不正确的是()。
A.上颌双尖牙B.上颌尖牙C.上颌磨牙D.下颌双尖牙E.下颌磨牙离下颌管最近的是哪一组牙()。
请在【答题】菜单下选择【进入考中文件夹】命令,并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须保存在考生文件夹下。小李今年毕业后,在一家计算机图书销售公司担任市场部助理,主要的工作职责是为部门经理提供销售信息的分析和汇总。请根据销售数据报表(“Ex
最新回复
(
0
)