首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects
admin
2011-01-10
54
问题
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects see positive traits as more self-descriptive than negative ones, they rate themselves more highly than they rate others, they rate themselves more highly than they are rated by others, they overestimate their contribution to team efforts, and they exaggerate their control over life events. It’s not that we consciously flatter ourselves, either. The response is more like a mindless reflex. In fact, when subjects are busy or distracted as they make self-ratings, the judgments they come up with are quicker and even more favorable.
Most people also exhibit "unrealistic optimism", a tendency to predict a uniquely bright and rosy future for themselves. College students asked to predict their own future compared to that of their classmates believed, on average, that they were more likely to graduate higher in their class, get a better job, earn a higher salary, have a happier marriage, and bear a gifted child. They also believed that they were less likely to get fired, become depressed, become involved in a car accident, or suffer from a heart attack. Many other examples illustrate this point—as when voters predict that their favored candidate will prevail and sports fans bet on their favorite teams to win.
Psychologists used to agree that an accurate perception of reality is vital to mental health. More and more, however, this view is being challenged by research on positive illusions. Are these illusions a sign of well-being or symptoms of disorder?
In 1988 two psychologists reviewed the relevant research and noticed that people who are mildly depressed or low in self-esteem have less inflated and sometimes more realistic views of themselves than do others who are better adjusted. Their self-appraisals are more likely to match appraisals of them made by neutral others, they are less likely to exaggerate their control over uncontrollable events, and they make more balanced predictions about the future. Based on these results, psychologists arrived at the provocative conclusion that when it comes to the self, positive illusions—not accurate perceptions of reality—promote health and well-being. In their words, "these illusions help make each individual’s world a warmer and more active and beneficent place in which to live." In fact, research involving people under stress—such as people with serious illnesses—shows that perceived control, optimism, and other positive beliefs are "health protective" psychological resources that help people cope with adversity.
Others are not so sure that eternal optimists are better off than hard realists. They argue that positive illusions can give rise to chronic patterns of self-destruction—as when people escape from self-awareness through the use of drugs and deny health-related problems until it s too late for treatment. In studies of interpersonal relations, people with inflated rather than realistic views of themselves were rated less favorably on certain dimensions by their own friends. In these studies, self-enhancing men were seen as assertive and ambitious, which are OK, but also as boastful, condescending, hostile, and inconsiderate. Self-enhancing women were seen as more hostile, more defensive and sensitive to criticism, more likely to overreact to minor setbacks, and less well liked by others. Consistent with these findings, other research shows that people filled with high self-esteem are more likely to lash out angrily in response to criticism, rejection, and other bruises to the ego. The result. People with inflated self-images may make a good first impression on others but they are liked less and less as time wears on.
According to paragraph 5, what is the relationship between positive illusions and the way men and women are viewed in social situations?
选项
A、Both men and women with unrealistic views of themselves are often disliked by others and seen as having negative characteristics.
B、Men who have positive illusions about themselves are considered less socially accepted than women with the same positive illusions about themselves.
C、Women with positive illusions are seen as likely to handle minor setbacks in social situations better than men are.
D、It is believed that men with positive illusions about themselves show more anger in social situations than women with positive illusions do.
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jmcO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI中级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI中级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
Someconsumerresearchersdistinguish【C1】______"rational"motivesand"emotional"(or"non-rational"motives.Theyusetheterm
Nowwhicharetheanimalsreallytobepitiedincaptivity?First,thosecleverbeingswhoselivelyurgeforactivitycanfindn
Someofthelow-endMade-in-Chinamechanical-electronicproductsarenotsellingwellinexportmarketascomparedwithwhatare
Machinesthatusehydraulicpressureincludingelevators,dentistchairs,andautomobilebrakes.
IntheUnitedStatesandinmanyothercountriesaroundtheworld,therearefourmainwaysforpeopletobe【C1】______aboutdeve
Helostallhismoney.Theonlythinghecoulddowastocallhiswifeforhelpatthismoment.
Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.
Doctorswarnedsun-starvedtouristswhoreceivedtoomuchsunlightthattheywereatseriousriskthanothersofcontractingski
I’mratherconcernedhowhewilltakeinhisschool.
中国的改革开放已经走过了26个年头。26年来,中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。中国经济持续快速增长,国内生产总值从不到1500亿美元增长到1.65万亿美元。进出口总额从206亿美元增长到1.15万亿美元。中国经济在世界经济总量中的比重从1%左右提高到
随机试题
证明下列不等式:
蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫杜氏利什曼原虫
谷胱甘肽分子结构的特点是有一肽键为氨基酸的α-氨基与相邻氨基酸的()位羧基以肽键相连。
心室纤颤最常见的病因是
质量为m的两小球带等量同号电荷q,现用长为l的细线悬挂于空中O点,如图7-1所示,当小球平衡时,测得它们之间的水平距离为x,此时绳子的张力为()。
带有绿色标志的通道适用于携运物品在数量上和价值上都超过免税限额的旅客。()
下列不属于期货公司风险监管措施的是()。
甲公司为上市公司。2014年度至2016年度,甲公司及其子公司发生的有关交易或事项如下:(1)2014年1月1日,甲公司以银行存款30500万元从非关联方购入乙公司60%的股权,能够主导乙公司相关活动并获得可变回报。购买日乙公司可辨认净资产的公允价值为
2004年3月15日,洪海市雅居房地产公司合法取得位于市区的能够进行商品房开发#3地块的土地使用权,2006年3月,该#3地块上开发出“海滨雅居”进行销售,甲花费60万元在“海滨雅居”购得一套住房。入住使用后,甲发现房屋由于设计错误存在严重的结构缺陷。在与
请用不超过200字的篇幅,概括出给定资料所反映的主要问题。要求:概括全面,层次分明,条理清楚,表述简洁。根据给定资料,自选角度,自拟题目,写一篇新农村建设规划方面的文章。要求:中心明确、内容充实、条理清楚、联系实际,行文流畅。1200字
最新回复
(
0
)